Nokea
The class of immunoglobulins most abundant in body is:
- A. IgG
- B. IgE
- C. IgD
- D. IgM
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: IgG. IgG is the most abundant class of immunoglobulins in the body, constituting about 75% of total immunoglobulins. IgG plays a crucial role in long-term immunity, neutralizing toxins, and enhancing phagocytosis. IgE is involved in allergic reactions, IgD is mainly found on B cells and functions as a receptor, and IgM is the first antibody produced in response to an infection but is less abundant compared to IgG. Therefore, IgG is the correct choice based on its abundance and diverse functions in the immune system.
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Which of the antibiotics listed below are not suitable for treatment of listeriosis?
- A. Penicillin and ampicillin
- B. Macrolids
- C. Cephalosporins
- D. None of them
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Macrolides. Listeriosis is typically treated with antibiotics such as Penicillin and ampicillin due to their effectiveness against Listeria monocytogenes. Macrolides, on the other hand, are not first-line agents for listeriosis treatment. They are less effective in treating this bacterial infection compared to Penicillin and ampicillin. Cephalosporins may also be less effective against Listeria monocytogenes compared to Penicillin and ampicillin. Choice D is incorrect as Macrolides are not suitable for listeriosis treatment.
Which form of human plague is present with high fever and large lymphadenopathies (buboes). The case fatality in untreated cases may reach 60%.
- A. Bubonic plague
- B. Pneumonic plague
- C. Gastrointestinal plague
- D. Septicemic plague
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bubonic plague. Bubonic plague is characterized by high fever and large swollen lymph nodes (buboes). The case fatality rate in untreated cases can reach 60%. This form of plague is typically transmitted through the bite of an infected flea.
B: Pneumonic plague presents with respiratory symptoms and is transmitted through respiratory droplets.
C: Gastrointestinal plague is not a recognized form of plague.
D: Septicemic plague is a severe form of plague where the bacteria multiply in the bloodstream. It may not always present with buboes.
Which are the most suitable materials for isolation of polio viruses?
- A. feces, duodenal and bile content
- B. blood, sputum, and urine
- C. only feces
- D. feces, nasopharyngeal swabs, and cerebrospinal fluid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because polio viruses are primarily found in the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory secretions. Feces contain the highest concentration of the virus, while nasopharyngeal swabs and cerebrospinal fluid can also contain the virus. Blood, sputum, and urine do not typically contain high levels of polio virus. Choice A is incorrect as bile content is not a common site for polio virus isolation. Choice C is incorrect because only testing feces may not provide a comprehensive picture of the infection.
The presence of microbes in or on the body is a(n):
- A. infection
- B. contamination
- C. adhesion
- D. disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: adhesion. Adhesion refers to the attachment of microbes to surfaces in or on the body without causing harm. Infections (choice A) occur when microbes invade and multiply in the body, leading to harmful effects. Contamination (choice B) refers to the presence of unwanted or potentially harmful substances, not necessarily microbes. Disease (choice D) is a state of poor health caused by a specific agent, such as microbes, resulting in identifiable symptoms. In this context, adhesion best describes the presence of microbes without causing harm or leading to an infection.
In order to prevent wound infection associated with surgical procedures a patient was given a synthetic antiprotozoan drug with a high activity against Helicobacter pylori. Specify this drug:
- A. Metronidazole
- B. Doxycycline hydrochloride
- C. Chingamin
- D. Acyclovir
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Metronidazole. Metronidazole is a synthetic antiprotozoan drug with high activity against Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that can cause wound infections. Metronidazole specifically targets anaerobic bacteria like H. pylori, making it effective in preventing wound infections.
Incorrect choices:
B: Doxycycline hydrochloride - Doxycycline is primarily used for bacterial infections, not protozoan infections like H. pylori.
C: Chingamin - Chingamin is not a commonly used drug for treating H. pylori infections or preventing wound infections.
D: Acyclovir - Acyclovir is an antiviral drug used to treat herpes infections, not bacterial or protozoan infections like H. pylori.