Nokea
Which of the following statements for genus Klebsiella is correct?
- A. They have real capsule and are non-motile
- B. They are obligatory anaerobic
- C. They form spores only under aerobic conditions
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because Klebsiella species have a real capsule, which is a distinguishing feature used for their identification. This capsule helps them evade the host immune response. Additionally, Klebsiella species are non-motile, meaning they do not possess flagella for movement. Choices B and C are incorrect because Klebsiella species are facultative anaerobes and do not form spores under any conditions. Choice D is also incorrect as option A is the correct statement for genus Klebsiella.
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What is a common characteristic of spore-forming bacteria?
- A. Resistance to heat and dehydration
- B. Ability to produce toxins
- C. Presence of flagella
- D. Ability to photosynthesize
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Resistance to heat and dehydration. Spore-forming bacteria form spores as a survival mechanism in harsh conditions. These spores are highly resistant to heat and dehydration, allowing the bacteria to withstand extreme environments. This characteristic is essential for their long-term survival and ability to persist in unfavorable conditions. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because not all spore-forming bacteria produce toxins, have flagella, or are capable of photosynthesis. These characteristics are not exclusive to spore-forming bacteria and do not define them as a group.
Which of the following viruses belong to family Arenaviridae
- A. Lassa virus
- B. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
- C. Rabies virus
- D. Epstein-Bar virus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lassa virus. The rationale is as follows:
1. Lassa virus is a member of the Arenaviridae family, known for causing Lassa fever.
2. Arenaviridae family includes viruses with a segmented genome and are transmitted through rodents.
3. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (Choice B) belongs to the Bunyaviridae family, not Arenaviridae.
4. Rabies virus (Choice C) belongs to the Rhabdoviridae family, not Arenaviridae.
5. Epstein-Barr virus (Choice D) belongs to the Herpesviridae family, not Arenaviridae.
In summary, Lassa virus is the correct choice as it aligns with the characteristics of the Arenaviridae family, while the other choices belong to different virus families.
Which of the following is not considered to be a vehicle transmission?
- A. Airborne
- B. Insect
- C. Foodborne
- D. Bodily fluid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Insect. A vehicle transmission refers to the mode by which a disease spreads from one host to another. Insects can transmit diseases, making them a vehicle for transmission. Airborne, foodborne, and bodily fluid transmissions are well-known modes of disease spread, while insects are also known vectors for diseases like malaria and Zika.
Broadspectrum antibiotics can cause various complications, including intestinal candidiasis. What drug is used for treatment of this complication?
- A. Nystatin
- B. Griseofulvin
- C. Undecyne
- D. Amphotericin B
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nystatin. Nystatin is specifically used to treat intestinal candidiasis because it targets and eliminates the Candida species responsible for the infection. It is not absorbed systemically, acting only locally in the gastrointestinal tract. Griseofulvin (B) is mainly used to treat fungal skin infections, not intestinal candidiasis. Undecyne (C) is an antifungal agent used for skin infections, not for intestinal candidiasis. Amphotericin B (D) is a potent antifungal agent used for systemic fungal infections, not specifically for intestinal candidiasis.
Which of the following bacteria is responsible for causing the disease tetanus?
- A. Clostridium tetani
- B. Clostridium perfringens
- C. Streptococcus pyogenes
- D. Escherichia coli
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Clostridium tetani. This bacterium is responsible for causing tetanus due to its production of tetanus toxin. Clostridium perfringens (B) causes gas gangrene, Streptococcus pyogenes (C) causes strep throat and skin infections, and Escherichia coli (D) is a common gut bacteria that can cause food poisoning but not tetanus.