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When applying the biopsychosocial model for a patient with a mental health problem, the nurse addresses the psychological domain when assessing which of the following?
- A. Sleep patterns
- B. Feelings
- C. Family functioning
- D. Cultural groups
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Feelings. In the biopsychosocial model, the psychological domain focuses on the individual's emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. Assessing feelings allows the nurse to understand the patient's mental and emotional state, which is crucial in mental health care. Sleep patterns (A) fall under the biological domain, family functioning (C) falls under the social domain, and cultural groups (D) relate to the social and cultural aspects, not specifically the psychological domain. By assessing feelings, the nurse can gain insight into the patient's mental health and tailor interventions accordingly.
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A nursing instructor has prepared a lecture about the scope and standards of practice of psychiatric nurses. The instructor determines that the teaching was effective when the students identify which of the following as common to both basic and advanced level practice?
- A. Case management
- B. Program development
- C. Clinical supervision
- D. Community interventions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Case management. This is common to both basic and advanced level practice for psychiatric nurses because it involves coordinating care, advocating for patients, and ensuring continuity of services. Basic level nurses may handle simpler cases, while advanced level nurses may manage more complex cases.
Choice B: Program development may be more common in advanced practice where nurses may be involved in creating new programs or services.
Choice C: Clinical supervision is typically a responsibility of advanced practice nurses who oversee and guide other staff members.
Choice D: Community interventions may also be more common in advanced practice where nurses may lead community-based initiatives.
A psychiatric-mental health nurse is providing care to a patient who has recently emigrated to the United States from Eastern Europe. Which of the following would be least effective in providing culturally competent care?
- A. Demonstrating a genuine interest in the patient
- B. Avoiding assumptions about the patient’s culture
- C. Speaking to the patient in his native language.
- D. Acquiring information about the patient’s country
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because speaking to the patient in his native language may not always guarantee effective communication. The patient may have acculturated to English and prefer to communicate in English. It is important to assess the patient's language preference first. Demonstrating genuine interest (A) is important for building trust. Avoiding assumptions (B) helps prevent stereotyping. Acquiring information about the patient's country (D) can enhance understanding of the patient's background.
A psychiatric-mental health nurse is working on an inpatient unit that uses a privilege system. The nurse understands that this intervention integrates which group of theories?
- A. Behavioral
- B. Developmental
- C. Humanistic
- D. Cognitive
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Behavioral. Privilege systems involve using reinforcement and consequences to modify behavior, which aligns with behavioral theories. Behavioral theories focus on observable behaviors and how they are influenced by the environment. Developmental theories focus on growth and maturation over time, humanistic theories emphasize self-actualization and personal growth, while cognitive theories focus on mental processes like perception and problem-solving. Therefore, the other choices are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the use of reinforcement and consequences in modifying behavior as seen in privilege systems.
A nurse is demonstrating behaviors that the treatment team is attempting to get the patient to develop. The nurse is integrating which theory?
- A. Erikson’s model of psychosocial development
- B. Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory
- C. Skinner’s operant conditioning
- D. Freud’s psychoanalytic model
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory. The nurse is integrating this theory by demonstrating behaviors for the patient to develop through observational learning and modeling. Bandura's theory emphasizes that individuals learn by observing others and imitating their behaviors. The treatment team is likely using this approach to encourage the patient to adopt positive behaviors by showcasing them through the nurse's actions.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Erikson’s model of psychosocial development - This theory focuses on stages of psychosocial development and identity formation, not on observational learning or modeling.
C: Skinner’s operant conditioning - This theory revolves around reinforcement and punishment to shape behavior, which is different from the observational learning emphasized in the scenario.
D: Freud’s psychoanalytic model - This theory is based on unconscious processes and early childhood experiences, not on observational learning and modeling as seen in the nurse's behavior.
A group of students are reviewing the multiaxial diagnostic system of the DSM-IV- TR. The students demonstrate understanding of the axes when they identify that each axis represents which of the following?
- A. An evidence-based research finding
- B. An experimental design to guide care
- C. A domain of information
- D. A laboratory test finding
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: A domain of information. The multiaxial diagnostic system of the DSM-IV-TR includes five axes, each representing a different domain of information about an individual's mental health. Axis I is for clinical disorders, Axis II is for personality disorders and intellectual disabilities, Axis III is for general medical conditions, Axis IV is for psychosocial and environmental stressors, and Axis V is for global assessment of functioning. Therefore, each axis represents a distinct category or domain of information rather than an evidence-based research finding (A), an experimental design (B), or a laboratory test finding (D). The axes serve to provide a comprehensive and holistic assessment of an individual's mental health status.