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A nurse is preparing an IM injection of prednisolone acetate, 30 mg. It is supplied as 50 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse prepare?
- A. 0.5 mL
- B. 0.7 mL
- C. 0.6 mL
- D. 0.8 mL
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To calculate the volume of medication needed, we can use the formula: Volume (mL) = Dose (mg) / Concentration (mg/mL). In this case, the nurse needs to prepare 30 mg of prednisolone acetate, which is supplied in a concentration of 50 mg/mL.
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The nurse is teaching a client who suspects that she has a lump in her breast. The nurse instructs the client that a diagnosis of breast cancer is confirmed by:
- A. Breast self-examination
- B. Fine needle aspiration
- C. Mammography
- D. Chest x-ray
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A diagnosis of breast cancer is confirmed through a biopsy, which involves removing a sample of tissue or cells from the lump in the breast and examining it under a microscope. Fine needle aspiration is a minimally invasive procedure where a thin needle is used to remove cells from the lump for examination. This diagnostic method allows for the confirmation of breast cancer by analyzing the cells for signs of malignancy. While breast self-examinations, mammography, and chest x-rays are important tools for detecting breast abnormalities, they are not definitive in confirming a diagnosis of breast cancer.
The nurse has been asked to prepare an intervention plan for a client, age 70, admitted for treatment of renal calculi. He complains of frequent pain due to increased pressure in the renal pelvis and is frightened of the excruciating pain. Which of the ff measures can the nurse include in the client's nursing care plan? Choose all that apply
- A. Administer prescribed nephrotoxic drugs
- B. Encourage ambulation and liberal fluid
- C. Observe aseptic principles when changing intake
- D. Provide a comfortable position
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A. Administer prescribed nephrotoxic drugs - This measure is not appropriate for the client's care plan as nephrotoxic drugs can further harm the kidneys, exacerbating the condition of renal calculi.
An adult is being taught about a healthy diet. How can the food pyramid help guide the client on his diet?
- A. By indicating exactly how many servings of each group to eat
- B. By calculating how many calories the client should have
- C. By suggesting daily food choices
- D. By dividing the food into four basic groups
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The food pyramid can help guide the client on his diet by suggesting daily food choices. The food pyramid categorizes different food groups based on their nutritional compositions and recommended daily servings. By following the food pyramid, the client can make informed choices about what types and amounts of food to consume each day to achieve a balanced and healthy diet. The visual representation of the food pyramid also helps in understanding the relative proportions of different food groups that are part of a nutritious diet.
A client with suspected lymphoma is scheduled for lymphangiography. The nurse should inform the client that this procedure may cause which harmless, temporary change?
- A. Purplish stools
- B. Redness of the upper part of the feet
- C. Bluish urine
- D. Coldness of the soles
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lymphangiography is a procedure in which a contrast dye is injected into the lymphatic vessels to help identify abnormalities. One harmless, temporary change that a client may experience after lymphangiography is the passing of bluish urine. This happens as a result of the contrast dye being excreted in the urine, causing it to temporarily change color. It is important for the nurse to inform the client about this possibility to prevent unnecessary worry or concern after the procedure. No concerns are associated with purplish stools, redness of the upper part of the feet, or coldness of the soles after a lymphangiography.
A patient is admitted for a splenectomy. Why is an injection of Vit. K ordered before surgery?
- A. To correct clotting problems
- B. To prevent postoperative infection
- C. To promote healing
- D. To dry secretions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vitamin K plays a crucial role in the production of clotting factors in the liver. Patients undergoing a splenectomy may be at an increased risk of bleeding during and after surgery due to the decreased availability of these clotting factors. Administering Vitamin K before the surgery helps to correct any potential clotting problems, ensuring proper hemostasis and reducing the risk of excessive bleeding during the procedure. This preoperative intervention can help optimize the patient's coagulation status and improve their outcomes postoperatively.