Nokea
A 48-year-old patient has been prescribed trihexyphenidyl for her Parkinson's disease. Which adverse reaction to this drug can be close-related?
- A. Excessive salivation
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Dryness of mouth
- D. Constipation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Trihexyphenidyl is an anticholinergic medication commonly used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Anticholinergic drugs work by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter in the nervous system. One common side effect of anticholinergic medications like trihexyphenidyl is dryness of the mouth (xerostomia). This occurs because the drug interferes with the normal functioning of the salivary glands, leading to reduced saliva production. Excessive salivation (choice A) is unlikely due to the drying effect of the medication. Bradycardia (choice B) is not typically associated with trihexyphenidyl use. Constipation (choice D) is another common adverse effect of anticholinergic medications, but dryness of the mouth is more closely related in this scenario.
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is a Self - Limiting disease that affects of femoral head :
- A. Coxa
- B. JRA
- C. Rickets
- D. DDH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rickets is a self-limiting disease that affects the growth plates in bones, including the femoral head. It is primarily caused by a deficiency in vitamin D, which is necessary for proper bone mineralization and growth. Rickets is more common in children and can lead to weakened bones, deformities, and growth disturbances. With proper treatment and supplementation, rickets can be reversed and often resolves once the underlying vitamin D deficiency is addressed.
A 16-year-old, 165-pound patient reports consuming 20-40 325-mg capsules containing acetaminophen 1 hour ago. You should
- A. measure the plasma level and determine potential toxicity from the level on the nomogram
- B. wait until 4 hours after ingestion to measure the plasma level and do nothing else
- C. administer activated charcoal immediately and measure the plasma level of acetaminophen 4 hours after ingestion
- D. send the patient home because an ingestion of this magnitude is not toxic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Activated charcoal can help reduce absorption of acetaminophen, and plasma levels should be measured 4 hours post-ingestion to assess toxicity using the nomogram.
Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for a client with multiple myeloma?
- A. Monitoring respiratory status
- B. Restricting fluid intake
- C. Balancing rest and activity
- D. Preventing bone injury
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: One of the primary concerns in clients with multiple myeloma is bone damage and fractures due to weakened bones caused by the disease. Preventing bone injury is a crucial nursing intervention to focus on for these clients. Measures to prevent bone injury include implementing fall precautions, encouraging safe mobility, providing supportive devices such as walkers or canes, and educating the client on strategies to prevent falls and fractures. Additionally, pain management and regular assessment for signs of bone damage are essential in caring for clients with multiple myeloma. Other interventions such as monitoring respiratory status, balancing rest and activity, and restricting fluid intake may be important in certain situations for these clients but preventing bone injury takes precedence due to the increased risk of skeletal complications associated with multiple myeloma.
A client has undergone a nephrectomy and is placed under observation after a urethral catheter insertion. As part of the nursing care plan, the nurse records the color of drainage from each tube and catheter. Which of the ff is the reason for this?
- A. To restore and maintain intravascular volume
- B. To provide a means for further comparison and evaluation
- C. To avoid interference with wound drainage
- D. To prevent pain related to obstruction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Recording the color of drainage from each tube and catheter is crucial in the nursing care plan as it provides a means for further comparison and evaluation. Changes in the color of drainage can indicate potential issues such as infection, bleeding, or other complications post-surgery. By monitoring the color of drainage, the nurse can identify any abnormal changes early on and take appropriate actions to address them promptly. This practice helps in assessing the patient's condition and ensuring optimal recovery and healing after the surgery.
As the surgical incision is closed, who are the personnel in-charge in counting the needles, sponges, and instruments?
- A. the surgeon and anesthesiologist
- B. the surgeon and the registered
- C. the circulating and scrub nurse nurse first assistant
- D. the anesthesiologist and anesthetist
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During the surgical procedure, the circulating nurse, scrub nurse, and nurse first assistant are responsible for keeping track of all instruments, needles, and sponges used. As the surgical incision is being closed, the circulating nurse and the scrub nurse/nurse first assistant conduct a final count of all needles, sponges, and instruments to ensure that nothing is accidentally left inside the patient's body. This is a critical step in preventing retained surgical items (RSI), which can lead to serious complications for the patient. It is part of the standard protocol in the operating room to have these specific personnel take charge of counting and verifying all items before the procedure is concluded.