Nokea
TB in pregnancy predisposes a mother to premature labour due to
- A. Poor maternal appetite
- B. Severe anaemia experienced
- C. Adverse reactions of anti-TB drugs
- D. The fever experienced
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. TB in pregnancy can lead to premature labor due to the fever experienced. Fever increases the risk of premature labor by triggering uterine contractions. Poor maternal appetite (A) and severe anemia (B) may impact the mother's health but are not directly linked to premature labor. Adverse reactions of anti-TB drugs (C) could potentially affect the mother's health but are not a direct cause of premature labor.
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Diagnosis of occipito-posterior position:
- A. External examination and ultrasound
- B. Physical exam with pelvic exam findings
- C. Regular contractions and maternal discomfort
- D. Both A and B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. External examination can reveal the position of the baby's head.
2. Ultrasound can confirm the baby's position accurately.
3. Physical exam and pelvic exam findings can provide additional information.
4. Combining both methods (A and B) ensures a comprehensive assessment for accurate diagnosis.
Summary:
- Choice A alone may not provide sufficient information.
- Choice B alone may not be as accurate as combined with ultrasound.
- Choice C is not specific to diagnosing occipito-posterior position.
- Choice D is correct as it combines external examination, ultrasound, and physical exam for accurate diagnosis.
Mother-to-child transmission of TB organisms never occurs during labor.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. -
- D. -
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: TB can be transmitted from an infected mother to her child during labor.
Step 2: The TB bacteria can be present in the mother's respiratory secretions.
Step 3: During labor, the baby can inhale these bacteria and contract TB.
Step 4: Therefore, the statement that mother-to-child transmission of TB organisms never occurs during labor is FALSE.
Summary: Option B is correct because it accurately reflects the possibility of mother-to-child transmission of TB during labor. Option A is incorrect as it contradicts the factual information. Options C and D are not applicable as they provide no information.
According to the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association (ACCFAHA), the recommendation regarding antiplatelet therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease preoperatively is that
- A. Antiplatelet therapy should be held for 10 days preoperatively
- B. Cardiac consultation is required before an operation in patients who are on antiplatelet therapy
- C. Medications should be continued unless concerns about hemostasis are significant
- D. Antiplatelet therapy should be initiated in all high-risk cardiac procedures
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B is correct:
1. The ACCF/AHA recommends cardiac consultation before an operation for patients on antiplatelet therapy to assess the risk of bleeding versus thrombotic events.
2. Cardiac consultation helps determine the necessity of continuing, modifying, or stopping antiplatelet therapy.
3. This individualized approach ensures optimal perioperative management based on the patient's cardiovascular risk profile.
4. Choice A is incorrect as stopping antiplatelet therapy for 10 days can increase the risk of thrombotic events.
5. Choice C is incorrect as it oversimplifies the decision-making process without considering the patient's specific risks.
6. Choice D is incorrect because initiating antiplatelet therapy in all high-risk cardiac procedures may not be necessary for every patient.
Inability to eat or retain feeds throughout the day prenatally is highly associated with
- A. Weight gain control
- B. Hyperemesis gravidarum
- C. Morning sickness
- D. Presence of preeclampsia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyperemesis gravidarum. This condition is characterized by severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, leading to inability to eat or retain feeds. It is associated with significant weight loss and dehydration. Other choices are incorrect because:
A: Weight gain control is not the primary concern when hyperemesis gravidarum is present.
C: Morning sickness typically does not cause severe inability to eat or retain feeds.
D: Preeclampsia is a separate condition characterized by high blood pressure and organ damage, not directly related to feeding difficulties.
The comprehensive serologic assessment of a patient with Cushings syndrome is likely to produce which constellation of findings?
- A. Low potassium, high glucose, high white blood cell count
- B. High sodium, polycythemia, low BUN
- C. Low sodium, low potassium, high BUN
- D. High sodium, high chloride, high RBCs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. In Cushing's syndrome, there is excess cortisol production leading to sodium retention, potassium loss, and increased protein breakdown. Low sodium and potassium levels along with high BUN are commonly seen in patients with Cushing's syndrome.
A: Low potassium and high glucose are possible findings, but high white blood cell count is not typically associated with Cushing's syndrome.
B: High sodium and polycythemia are not typical findings in Cushing's syndrome, and low BUN is not consistent with the protein breakdown seen in this condition.
D: High sodium and high chloride levels can be seen, but high RBCs are not typically associated with Cushing's syndrome.