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Which of the ff is an initial sign or symptom of acute bronchitis?
- A. Nonproductive cough
- B. Anorexia
- C. Labored breathing
- D. Gastric ulceration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Acute bronchitis is characterized by inflammation of the bronchial tubes.
2. An initial sign of acute bronchitis is a nonproductive cough due to irritation of the bronchial tubes.
3. Anorexia and labored breathing may occur later as the condition progresses.
4. Gastric ulceration is not typically associated with acute bronchitis.
Therefore, choice A (Nonproductive cough) is the correct answer as it aligns with the characteristic symptom of acute bronchitis, while the other choices are not typically observed in the initial stages of the condition.
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Following the American Cancer Society guidelines, the nurse should recommend that the women:
- A. Perform breast self-examination annually
- B. Have a mammogram annually
- C. Have a normal receptor assay annually
- D. Have a physician conduct a clinical examination every 2 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Have a mammogram annually. Mammograms are recommended by the American Cancer Society for breast cancer screening in women as they are effective in detecting early signs of breast cancer. Mammograms have been shown to reduce mortality rates from breast cancer. Annual mammograms are crucial for early detection and treatment.
A: Performing breast self-examination annually is not recommended as a standalone screening method as it has not been shown to significantly reduce mortality rates.
C: Having a normal receptor assay annually is not a standard screening test for breast cancer recommended by the American Cancer Society.
D: Having a physician conduct a clinical examination every 2 years is not as effective as annual mammograms for detecting early signs of breast cancer.
A brain abscess is a collection of pus within the substance of the brain and is caused by:
- A. Direct invasion of the brain
- B. Spread of infection by other organs
- C. Spread infection from nearby sites
- D. All of the above mechanisms
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a brain abscess can be caused by direct invasion of the brain, spread of infection by other organs, and spread of infection from nearby sites. Direct invasion can occur from trauma or surgery, while infections from other organs like the lungs or heart can travel through the bloodstream to the brain. Infections from nearby sites such as the sinuses or ears can also spread to the brain. Therefore, all of these mechanisms can lead to the formation of a brain abscess. Choices A, B, and C alone do not encompass all the possible causes of a brain abscess, making D the correct comprehensive answer.
A baby is born temporarily immune to the diseases to which the mother is immune. The nurse understands that this is an example of which of the following types of immunity?
- A. Naturally acquired passive immunity
- B. Naturally acquired active immunity
- C. Artificially acquired passive immunity
- D. Artificially acquired active immunity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Naturally acquired passive immunity. This type of immunity occurs when antibodies are passed from mother to baby through the placenta or breast milk, providing temporary protection. The baby does not produce its antibodies, hence it is passive. Choice B, naturally acquired active immunity, involves the body producing its antibodies after exposure to a pathogen. Choice C, artificially acquired passive immunity, involves receiving preformed antibodies from an external source. Choice D, artificially acquired active immunity, involves the body producing antibodies in response to vaccination.
When the patient’s signature is witnessed by the nurse on the surgical consent, which of the following does the nurse’s signature indicate?
- A. The nurse obtained informed consent.
- B. The nurse provided informed consent.
- C. The nurse answered all surgical procedure questions.
- D. The nurse verified that the patient signed the consent.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the nurse's signature indicates that they verified the patient's signature on the consent form. This step ensures that the patient has signed the document willingly. Choice A is incorrect because the nurse doesn't obtain informed consent, that's the responsibility of the physician. Choice B is incorrect because nurses do not provide informed consent. Choice C is incorrect as the nurse witnessing the signature doesn't imply they answered all surgical procedure questions.
Deaths have occurred when potassium chloride has been used incorrectly to flush a lock or central venous catheter. Which of the ff precautions should a nurse take to minimize this risk?
- A. Use a dilute form of potassium chloride before flushing locks
- B. Warm the KCL before flushing locks
- C. Read labels carefully on vials containing flush solutions for locks
- D. Replace the existing locks with new ones to avoid flushing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Reading labels carefully on vials containing flush solutions for locks is crucial to ensure the correct solution is being used.
Step 2: Potassium chloride should not be used to flush locks as it can be fatal if administered incorrectly.
Step 3: By carefully reading labels, the nurse can verify that the correct solution is being used, thus minimizing the risk of using potassium chloride.
Summary:
- Choice A is incorrect as using a dilute form of potassium chloride does not address the issue of incorrect administration.
- Choice B is incorrect as warming the solution does not prevent the risk associated with using potassium chloride.
- Choice D is incorrect as replacing locks does not address the root cause of the issue, which is improper administration.