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The ABCD method offers one way to assess skin lesions for possible skin cancer. What does the A stand for?
- A. Actinic
- B. Asymmetry
- C. Arcus
- D. Assessment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Asymmetry. In the ABCD method for assessing skin lesions, A stands for asymmetry, which refers to whether one half of the lesion looks different from the other half. This is important because asymmetrical lesions are more likely to be cancerous. Actinic (choice A) refers to sun damage, Arcus (choice C) refers to a condition affecting the eyes, and Assessment (choice D) is a general term that does not specifically relate to the characteristics of skin lesions.
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The patient is being discharged on furosemide (Lasix). The nurse evaluates the patient as understanding her medication teaching if she states that she will have which of the ff. laboratory tests monitored as ordered?
- A. “I will have my urine sodium checked.”
- B. “I will have my prothrombin time checked.”
- C. “I will have my calcium level checked.”
- D. “I will have my potassium level checked.”
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "I will have my potassium level checked." Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause potassium loss, leading to hypokalemia. Monitoring potassium levels is crucial to prevent complications such as cardiac arrhythmias.
A: Monitoring urine sodium is not typically necessary for furosemide therapy.
B: Prothrombin time monitoring is unrelated to furosemide therapy.
C: Monitoring calcium levels is not directly affected by furosemide use.
In summary, monitoring potassium levels is essential due to the potential for hypokalemia with furosemide, while the other options are not directly relevant to this medication.
What should a male client over age 50 do to help ensure early identification of prostate cancer?
- A. Have a digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test done yearly
- B. Have a transrectal ultrasound every 5 years
- C. Perform monthly testicular self-examinations, especially after age 50
- D. Have a complete blood count (CBC) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Digital rectal exam (DRE) and PSA test are recommended by major health organizations for prostate cancer screening in men over 50.
2. DRE helps detect abnormalities in the prostate, while PSA test measures the levels of a protein produced by the prostate gland.
3. Prostate cancer can be asymptomatic in its early stages, so regular screening is crucial for early detection and treatment.
4. Transrectal ultrasound is not a primary screening method for prostate cancer.
5. Testicular self-exams are for detecting testicular cancer, not prostate cancer.
6. CBC, BUN, and creatinine levels are not specific tests for prostate cancer screening.
A female client recovers from a serious case of insect bites. What skin related advice must the nurse give to the client and all her family members to prevent the recurrence of the ailment?
- A. Ensure minimum crowd interactions when outdoors
- B. Apply insect repellent to clothing and exposed skin
- C. Wear thick woollen clothing to cover the skin while outdoors
- D. Apply a good sunscreen lotion while going outdoors
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Apply insect repellent to clothing and exposed skin. This advice helps prevent insect bites, reducing the risk of recurrence. Insect repellent creates a barrier against insects, hence minimizing the chances of getting bitten. Other choices are incorrect as they do not directly address the prevention of insect bites. Choice A is vague and does not provide a specific preventive measure. Choice C is incorrect as thick woollen clothing may not necessarily prevent insect bites. Choice D, sunscreen lotion, protects against UV rays, not insect bites.
An oncology nurse educator is speaking to a women’s group about breast cancer. Questions and comments from the audience reveal a misunderstanding of some aspects of the disease. Various members of the audience have made all of the following statements. Which one is accurate?
- A. Mammography is the most reliable method for detecting breast cancer.
- B. Breast cancer is the leading killer of women of childbearing age.
- C. Breast cancer requires a mastectomy.
- D. Men can develop breast cancer.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Men can develop breast cancer. This is accurate because although breast cancer is more common in women, men can also develop the disease due to the presence of breast tissue in their bodies. This is a crucial point to emphasize to raise awareness about breast cancer among men.
Incorrect choices:
A: Mammography is not the most reliable method for detecting breast cancer, as it may not detect all types of breast cancer.
B: Breast cancer is not the leading killer of women of childbearing age, as there are other leading causes of death in this age group.
C: Breast cancer does not always require a mastectomy; treatment options vary depending on the individual case.
Summary: Choice D is correct as it highlights the important fact that men can also develop breast cancer, which is often overlooked. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect due to inaccuracies or oversimplifications of the facts related to breast cancer detection, statistics, and treatment.
The nurse should include which of the following in preprocedure teaching for a patient scheduled for carotid angiography?
- A. "You will be put to sleep before the needle Is inserted."
- B. "The test will take several hours."
- C. "You may fee! a burning sensation when the dye is injected."
- D. "There will be no complications."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "You may feel a burning sensation when the dye is injected." This is important to include in preprocedure teaching for carotid angiography because it prepares the patient for a common sensation they may experience during the procedure. Providing this information helps manage expectations and reduce anxiety.
Choice A is incorrect because carotid angiography is typically done with the patient awake. Choice B is incorrect as carotid angiography usually takes around 30-60 minutes. Choice D is incorrect because there can be complications associated with carotid angiography, such as allergic reactions or damage to blood vessels.