Nokea
The patient asks you about goiter. You describe this disorder as ___________-.
- A. A condition produced by excessive endogenous or exogenous thyroid hormone
- B. The enlargement of the thyroid gland and usually caused by an iodine-deficient diet
- C. None of the choices
- D. Inflammation of the thyroid gland that may lead to chronic hypothyroidism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Goiter is a condition characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland. The most common cause of goiter worldwide is iodine deficiency, which is required for the production of thyroid hormones. When there is insufficient iodine intake, the thyroid gland enlarges in an attempt to produce more hormones, leading to the development of goiter. While other factors can also contribute to the development of goiter, such as autoimmune diseases and certain medications, the primary cause associated with the condition is an iodine-deficient diet.
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A patient with chronic respiratory failure secondary to severe restrictive lung disease requires long-term oxygen therapy to maintain adequate oxygenation. Which of the following oxygen delivery devices is most appropriate for delivering continuous supplemental oxygen in this patient?
- A. Nasal cannula
- B. Venturi mask
- C. Partial rebreather mask
- D. Non-rebreather mask
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most appropriate oxygen delivery device for a patient with chronic respiratory failure secondary to severe restrictive lung disease requiring continuous supplemental oxygen is a non-rebreather mask. A non-rebreather mask is designed to deliver high-flow oxygen and is typically used for short-term medical treatment in emergency situations or for critically ill patients. It is ideal for providing the highest concentration of oxygen available for inhalation, making it suitable for patients with severe hypoxemia.
Identify the MOST appropriate diagnostic examination that confirms the iincidence of hypertension amongg residents.
- A. Chest xray
- B. Ultrasound
- C. Electrocardiogram
- D. BP monitoring
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most appropriate diagnostic examination to confirm the incidence of hypertension among residents is blood pressure (BP) monitoring. Hypertension is defined by elevated blood pressure readings consistently measured over time. Monitoring of blood pressure is essential for diagnosing hypertension and determining the severity of the condition. Chest x-ray, ultrasound, and electrocardiogram are not specific tests for diagnosing hypertension. While these tests may be useful in assessing potential complications or causes of hypertension, they do not directly confirm the presence of high blood pressure. Regular BP monitoring with the use of a sphygmomanometer or automated blood pressure device is crucial in diagnosing and managing hypertension.
What is the appropriate sequence of steps in the assessment of a conscious trauma patient?
- A. Airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure (ABCDE).
- B. Circulation, airway, breathing, disability, exposure (CABDE).
- C. Breathing, airway, circulation, disability, exposure (BACDE).
- D. Exposure, disability, circulation, airway, breathing (EDCAB).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The appropriate sequence of steps in the assessment of a conscious trauma patient is the ABCDE approach, which stands for Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Exposure.
A patient presents with chest pain, dyspnea, and signs of hypotension. An electrocardiogram (ECG) shows ST- segment elevation in the inferior leads. Which cardiovascular disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Stable angina
- B. Unstable angina
- C. Acute myocardial infarction
- D. Aortic dissection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chest pain, dyspnea, hypotension, and ST-segment elevation on an ECG in the inferior leads are classic signs of an acute myocardial infarction (MI). An acute MI occurs when there is a sudden blockage of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle, leading to tissue damage. This causes symptoms such as chest pain due to ischemia, dyspnea due to heart failure, and hypotension due to poor cardiac output. The ST-segment elevation seen on the ECG is indicative of significant myocardial injury. Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial in acute MI to prevent further complications and to minimize damage to the heart muscle. It is important to differentiate an acute MI from stable or unstable angina or other cardiovascular disorders, as the management and prognosis vary significantly.
To obtain her license to practice, she must do the following, EXCEPT:
- A. Must take the path to any government official
- B. Must register in the registration division of the PRC
- C. Must take the oath of professionals before any member of the PRBON
- D. Must be issued a certificate of Registration (COR) and profession identification card (PIN)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To obtain a license to practice, the individual must follow certain steps and fulfill specific requirements. Option A states that she must take the path to any government official, which is not accurate or necessary in the process of obtaining a professional license. The other options provided are correct in the usual process of getting a license: registering in the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC), taking the oath of professionals before a member of the Professional Regulatory Board of Nursing (PRBON), and being issued a certificate of Registration (COR) and a profession identification card (PIN).