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In the universal health law, which of the following are the government agencies that are considered as "key players" in its implementation?
- A. Family, DOH and Philhealth
- B. DOH, LGU and Philippine Health Insurance, Inc. (PhilHealth)
- C. Community, DOH, LGU
- D. Individual, DOH and LGU
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the universal health law, the government agencies that are considered as "key players" in its implementation are the Department of Health (DOH), Local Government Units (LGUs), and the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth).
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After the successful vaginal1 delivery, medication was ordered to be given immediately. The supervisor reassured the newly hired nurse that everything will be fine because the medication will
- A. promote vasoconstriction of uterine muscles
- B. hasten uterine contractility and control bleeding
- C. facilitate the return of pre pregnancy vital signs
- D. promote vasodilation of uterine muscles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The medication given after a successful vaginal delivery that helps to hasten uterine contractility and control bleeding is typically an oxytocic agent, such as oxytocin. Oxytocin helps the uterus to contract effectively, which is important for preventing excessive bleeding after delivery. This medication is commonly used in the postpartum period to help the uterus return to its normal size and position. The supervisor reassured the newly hired nurse that everything will be fine because this medication will help promote uterine contractions and control bleeding, which are crucial steps in the postpartum management.
A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and exertional dyspnea. Laboratory tests reveal severe anemia, low serum iron, low transferrin saturation, and elevated total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
- A. Iron deficiency anemia
- B. Anemia of chronic disease
- C. Sideroblastic anemia
- D. Thalassemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical presentation of fatigue, pallor, exertional dyspnea along with the laboratory findings of severe anemia, low serum iron, low transferrin saturation, and elevated TIBC are consistent with iron deficiency anemia. In iron deficiency anemia, there is inadequate iron available for erythropoiesis leading to microcytic hypochromic anemia. The low serum iron and transferrin saturation, along with the elevated TIBC, indicate decreased iron stores and increased iron-binding capacity as the body tries to compensate for the deficiency by increasing absorption and recycling of iron. Anemia of chronic disease typically presents with mild to moderate anemia, normal to low TIBC, and low transferrin saturation due to iron sequestration in macrophages. Sideroblastic anemia usually has elevated serum iron, high saturation, and normal to low TIBC. Thalassemia presents with microcytic hyp
A patient in the ICU develops acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to sepsis. What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to manage the patient's renal function?
- A. Initiate continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) for renal replacement therapy.
- B. Administer diuretic medications to promote urine output.
- C. Implement strict fluid restriction to prevent further renal injury.
- D. Perform a renal biopsy to assess the underlying cause of AKI.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a patient with acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to sepsis in the ICU, the healthcare team should prioritize initiating continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) for renal replacement therapy. CVVH is a form of continuous renal replacement therapy that helps support renal function by removing waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes from the blood while providing hemodynamic stability. This intervention is crucial in managing fluid overload, electrolyte disturbances, and uremia associated with AKI in critically ill patients. It can also help improve overall outcomes and prevent further complications related to renal dysfunction in this setting. Administering diuretics, implementing fluid restriction, or performing a renal biopsy may not directly address the acute renal failure and may not provide the necessary renal support needed in this urgent situation.
Before finishing the check up, which of the following principles is NOT included among the principles of guidance in handling Richard?
- A. Controlling temper tantrums
- B. Basing her expectations within the child's limitations.
- C. Acceptance of masturbation as a normal phenomenon to be discouraged in public.
- D. Reinforcing the correct use of language.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The principles of guidance in handling Richard involve understanding and addressing the behaviors and needs of the child, such as controlling temper tantrums, basing expectations within the child's limitations, and acceptance of certain behaviors like masturbation as normal but to be discouraged in public. However, reinforcing the correct use of language is not typically included as a principle specifically in handling Richard. Therefore, this choice is NOT included among the principles of guidance in this context.
A patient presents with a palpable thyroid nodule and signs of hyperthyroidism. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy reveals follicular cells with nuclear features suggestive of malignancy. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- B. Graves' disease
- C. Diabetes mellitus
- D. Follicular thyroid carcinoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Follicular thyroid carcinoma is a type of thyroid cancer that arises from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. Patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma may present with a palpable thyroid nodule, which in this case is causing signs of hyperthyroidism due to the overproduction of thyroid hormones by the malignant cells. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy revealing follicular cells with nuclear features suggestive of malignancy further supports the diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma in this scenario.