Nokea
A patient presents with a pruritic, eczematous rash with erythematous papules, vesicles, and excoriations on the flexural surfaces of the elbows and knees. The patient reports a personal history of asthma and hay fever. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Atopic dermatitis
- B. Contact dermatitis
- C. Seborrheic dermatitis
- D. Nummular eczema
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, pruritic inflammatory skin condition that typically presents in individuals with a personal or family history of asthma and allergic rhinitis (hay fever). The characteristic presentation includes erythematous papules, vesicles, and excoriations on the flexural surfaces of the elbows and knees. This type of dermatitis is commonly seen in patients with atopy, which refers to a genetic predisposition to develop allergic diseases like asthma, hay fever, and eczema. Therefore, given the patient's personal history of asthma and hay fever along with the described rash distribution and appearance, atopic dermatitis is the most likely diagnosis.
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In the ethical principle of beneficence, which is the BASIS of every nursing action in all work settings?
- A. Treating all patients selectively.
- B. Informing patients of hospital bills.
- C. Respecting refusal of treatment.
- D. Doing good at all times.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The ethical principle of beneficence, which is the basis of every nursing action in all work settings, emphasizes the importance of doing good at all times for the benefit of the patient. Nurses are expected to act in the best interest of their patients and strive to promote their well-being and welfare. This principle guides nurses to provide care that is compassionate, effective, and in line with the patient's needs and preferences. By prioritizing the good of the patient in all actions and decisions, nurses uphold the principle of beneficence and demonstrate their commitment to promoting positive outcomes for those under their care.
A pregnant woman presents with a history of recurrent pregnancy losses in the second trimester. On examination, the cervix is dilated, and uterine contractions are absent. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
- A. Ectopic pregnancy
- B. Threatened abortion
- C. Placenta previa
- D. Incompetent cervix
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Incompetent cervix refers to a weakened cervix that is unable to support the weight of the growing fetus, leading to painless cervical dilation and second-trimester pregnancy loss. In this condition, the cervix may dilate prematurely without contractions, resulting in a painless cervical dilation. The history of recurrent second-trimester losses, along with cervical dilation and absence of uterine contractions in the presenting pregnant woman, are characteristic of incompetent cervix. Prompt recognition and management with cerclage placement can help prevent further pregnancy losses in women with incompetent cervix.
When the staff nurses in Pediatric Ward work more than they can handle, thus, losing their enthusiasm in their work, which of the following consequences is referred to/
- A. Lower patient care
- B. Low quality patient care
- C. Medical errors
- D. Burnout
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Burnout is a state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress. In this scenario, when staff nurses in the Pediatric Ward are working more than they can handle, they may experience burnout. Burnout can lead to a decrease in enthusiasm for work, feelings of depersonalization, and a reduced sense of personal accomplishment. These consequences can ultimately impact the quality of patient care provided by the nurses. Burnout not only affects the well-being of the healthcare workers but can also result in lower patient care quality, medical errors, and decreased overall job performance. Addressing and preventing burnout is crucial in maintaining a high standard of care and ensuring the well-being of healthcare professionals.
The APPROPRIATE nursing diagnosis to protect the patient from further injury is, which of the following?
- A. Altered mucous membrane related to chemotherapy.
- B. Interrupted family processes related to life threatening i1lness of a family member.
- C. Fatigue related to disease process.
- D. Risk for injury related to thrombocytopenia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by a low platelet count, which can lead to an increased risk of bleeding. Patients with thrombocytopenia are at risk for injury due to potential bleeding complications. Therefore, the appropriate nursing diagnosis to protect the patient from further injury in this case would be "Risk for injury related to thrombocytopenia." This nursing diagnosis allows the nurse to assess for signs of bleeding, implement interventions to prevent injury, and closely monitor the patient's platelet levels to prevent complications.
Considering the pain assessment scale (1, is the least pain and 5 is the most painful) Mrs. P described her pain in the scale of 5, you expect that the doctor will order which of the following pain medication?
- A. Meperidine HCl. (Demerol)
- B. Morphine Sulphate
- C. Fentanyl (Duragesic)
- D. Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a patient describes their pain as a 5 on the pain assessment scale, it indicates severe pain and the need for a strong pain medication. Morphine Sulphate is a potent opioid analgesic that is commonly used to manage severe pain, such as in cases where the pain is rated as 5. Meperidine HCl (Demerol) is another opioid analgesic, but it is not as commonly used due to its side effect profile and potential for toxicity. Fentanyl (Duragesic) is also a potent opioid analgesic that can be used for severe pain, but morphine is often preferred in this situation. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is a milder pain reliever and is not typically sufficient for pain described at a level of 5 on the pain scale.