Nokea
A postpartum client exhibits signs of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), including calf pain, swelling, and warmth. Which nursing action is most appropriate?
- A. Applying warm compresses to the affected calf
- B. Encouraging ambulation to promote circulation
- C. Notifying the healthcare provider immediately
- D. Administering anticoagulant medication as ordered
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious condition that requires prompt medical intervention. The presence of calf pain, swelling, and warmth in a postpartum client are concerning signs of a potential DVT. By notifying the healthcare provider immediately, appropriate diagnostic tests, such as ultrasound imaging, can be ordered to confirm the diagnosis. Timely treatment with anticoagulant medication can then be initiated to prevent complications such as pulmonary embolism. Applying warm compresses or encouraging ambulation may exacerbate the condition by promoting clot dislodgement, making immediate notification of the healthcare provider the most appropriate nursing action in this situation.
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While positioning the patient for surgery, the nurse notices that the patient's arms are not adequately padded. What should the nurse do?
- A. Proceed with the positioning as planned
- B. Document the observation in the patient's chart
- C. Apply soft padding to the patient's arms to prevent pressure injuries
- D. Inform the surgeon about the inadequate padding
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: If the nurse notices that the patient's arms are not adequately padded while positioning for surgery, the nurse should immediately take action to prevent pressure injuries. Applying soft padding to the patient's arms will help distribute the pressure more evenly, reducing the risk of skin breakdown and potential harm to the patient during the surgical procedure. It is essential to prioritize the patient's safety and comfort in such situations. Simply proceeding with the positioning as planned could lead to complications, so addressing the inadequate padding promptly is the appropriate course of action.
A patient presents with fever, headache, and a maculopapular rash that started on the face and spread to the trunk and extremities. Laboratory tests reveal leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent?
- A. Borrelia burgdorferi
- B. Plasmodium falciparum
- C. Rickettsia rickettsii
- D. Leishmania donovani
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The clinical presentation described with fever, headache, maculopapular rash starting on the face and spreading to the trunk and extremities, along with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia suggests a likely diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), which is caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii.
Type I IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reaction is promptly managed with ____.
- A. theophylline
- B. epinephrine
- C. costicosteroid
- D. diphenhydramine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type I IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions, such as anaphylaxis, are promptly managed with epinephrine. Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis as it helps counteract the severe symptoms by relaxing the muscles in the airways, constricting blood vessels, and decreasing swelling. It acts quickly to reverse the potentially life-threatening effects of the allergic reaction and is crucial in managing anaphylaxis effectively. Other medications like antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine) and corticosteroids may be used as adjuncts, but epinephrine remains the primary treatment for immediate hypersensitivity reactions.
As a whole health education in public helath aims the __________.
- A. Transfers information
- B. Make life changes
- C. Better health opportunities
- D. Change personality
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Whole health education in public health aims to provide individuals and communities with opportunities to improve their overall health and well-being by promoting healthy behaviors, creating supportive environments, and offering resources for prevention and early intervention. This approach focuses on empowering people to make informed choices that lead to better health outcomes and reduce the risk of developing diseases such as hypertension. By increasing access to healthcare services, promoting healthy lifestyles, and addressing underlying social determinants of health, public health education seeks to create better health opportunities for everyone in the community.
A patient with suspected tuberculosis (TB) presents with cough, weight loss, night sweats, and hemoptysis. Chest X-ray reveals upper lobe infiltrates and cavitation. Which of the following diagnostic tests is most appropriate for confirming the diagnosis of pulmonary TB?
- A. Sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear and culture
- B. Tuberculin skin test (TST)
- C. Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA)
- D. Chest CT-guided biopsy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a patient with suspected pulmonary TB, the most appropriate diagnostic test for confirming the diagnosis is the sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear and culture. This test involves examining sputum samples under the microscope for the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which are characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes TB. Additionally, culturing the sputum allows for the bacteria to grow in a controlled environment, further confirming the diagnosis. In the given scenario, the patient's symptoms (cough, weight loss, night sweats, hemoptysis), along with chest X-ray findings of upper lobe infiltrates and cavitation, are highly suggestive of pulmonary TB. Therefore, performing a sputum AFB smear and culture is crucial for definitive diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment. The other options (Tuberculin skin test, Interferon