Kaplan and Sadocks Synopsis of Psychiatry 12th Edition Test Bank

Kaplan and Sadocks Synopsis of Psychiatry 12th Edition Test Bank Related

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The spouse of a patient recently diagnosed with early-stage Alzheimer's disease asks, "Is there anything I can do to help delay the progression of this disease?" Which strategy has the greatest potential for preserving the protective abilities of immune cells related to the disease?

  • A. Minimize contact with the public during cold and flu season.
  • B. Enroll the patient in an exercise program that meets regularly.
  • C. Provide supplements to enhance the patient’s immune system.
  • D. Identify creative ways to keep the patient mentally challenged.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Enroll the patient in an exercise program that meets regularly. Regular exercise has been shown to have numerous benefits for brain health, including improving cognitive function and reducing the risk of cognitive decline. Exercise also helps in maintaining a healthy immune system by promoting the circulation of immune cells throughout the body. This can help support the protective abilities of immune cells related to Alzheimer's disease.

Minimizing contact with the public during cold and flu season (Choice A) may reduce the risk of infections but does not directly address immune cell function. Providing supplements to enhance the patient's immune system (Choice C) may not be supported by scientific evidence and can potentially have adverse effects. Identifying creative ways to keep the patient mentally challenged (Choice D) is beneficial for cognitive health but does not directly target immune cell function as effectively as regular exercise.

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A nursing instructor is teaching about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Which student statement indicates that learning has occurred?

  • A. During ECT a state of euphoria is induced
  • B. ECT induces a grand mal seizure.
  • C. During ECT a state of catatonia is induced
  • D. ECT induces a petit mal seizure
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: ECT induces a grand mal seizure. This indicates learning has occurred because ECT does indeed induce a controlled grand mal seizure to treat severe depression. Euphoria (A) and catatonia (C) are not accurate states induced by ECT. A petit mal seizure (D) is a mild form of seizure not associated with ECT.

The mother of a child describes her child's annoying behavior as not being able to sit still or to stop jerking his arms when told to. Which disorder does the nurse suspect?

  • A. Oppositional-defiant disorder
  • B. Tourette’s disorder
  • C. Oppositional-defiant disorder
  • D. What makes you think he is doing that out of defiance?
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tourette’s disorder. The child's inability to sit still and jerking arms suggest motor tics, which are common in Tourette's disorder. Tourette's is characterized by involuntary repetitive movements or sounds. Choice A is incorrect as oppositional-defiant disorder does not involve physical tics. Choice C is a duplicate. Choice D is incorrect as it assumes defiance rather than considering a neurological explanation for the behavior.

Which statement by a 16-year-old is considered as positive evidence that the family’s involvement in therapy is moving them towards effective functioning?

  • A. “My dad has finally stopped giving me advice on how to live my life.”
  • B. “I stopped playing football since practice required me to be away from home so often.”
  • C. “Since my mother quit her job, she is more available to keep the home running smoothly.”
  • D. “Eating dinner with my parents on Sunday nights has helped us be more aware of each other’s needs.”
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it shows positive evidence of improved family dynamics through increased communication and awareness of each other's needs. Eating dinner together signifies a commitment to spending quality time and fostering connections. Choice A indicates a lack of interference but not necessarily improved functioning. Choice B suggests withdrawal from activities, which may not be positive. Choice C implies a sacrifice that may not directly lead to effective functioning.

A patient presents to the emergency department with mixed psychiatric symptoms. The admission nurse suspects the symptoms may be the result of a medical problem. Lab results show elevated BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and creatinine. What is the nurse’s next best action?

  • A. Report the findings to the health care provider.
  • B. Assess the patient for a history of renal problems.
  • C. Assess the patient’s family history for cardiac problems.
  • D. Arrange for the patient’s hospitalization on the psychiatric unit.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (A): Reporting the findings to the health care provider is the next best action because elevated BUN and creatinine levels indicate possible renal dysfunction, which could be causing the psychiatric symptoms. The health care provider needs this information to determine appropriate treatment and further evaluation.

Summary of Incorrect Choices:
B: Assessing the patient for a history of renal problems is not the next best action because the lab results already indicate potential renal issues.
C: Assessing the patient’s family history for cardiac problems is irrelevant to the elevated BUN and creatinine levels and the psychiatric symptoms.
D: Arranging for the patient’s hospitalization on the psychiatric unit is premature without addressing the underlying medical issue indicated by the lab results.

The nurse determines that a patient is showing a decline in explicit memory. Which characterizes such a deficiency?

  • A. Inability to remember how to operate a common kitchen appliance
  • B. Difficulty remembering the name of a place visited 20 years ago
  • C. Being unsuccessful at retaining new information
  • D. Forgetting the ingredients of a favorite recipe
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because difficulty remembering the name of a place visited 20 years ago is a specific example of explicit memory decline. Explicit memory refers to the ability to consciously recall past events, facts, or experiences. This choice directly relates to a long-term memory retrieval issue, which is a hallmark of explicit memory decline. Choices A, C, and D do not specifically address explicit memory decline but rather touch on different memory processes such as procedural memory (A), short-term memory (C), and semantic memory (D).

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