NCLEX Nutrition

NCLEX Nutrition Related

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An adult who has hypertension is taking furosemide (Lasix). The client has been placed on a low-sodium, high-potassium diet. What is the reason for the potassium alteration?

  • A. To prevent sodium loss from the renal tubules
  • B. To replace potassium lost from the kidneys
  • C. To prevent osteoporosis secondary to diuresis
  • D. To maintain an acid-base balance
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Furosemide causes potassium excretion in urine, necessitating a high-potassium diet to replace losses and prevent hypokalemia.

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Mothers should be instructed that diets for infants and toddlers who drink a lot of milk and few other foods will most likely result in the development of a deficiency in which of these nutrients?

  • A. Iron
  • B. Carbohydrate
  • C. Vitamin D
  • D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Excessive milk consumption can displace iron-rich foods, leading to iron deficiency anemia in infants and toddlers.

An adult has chronic renal failure and asks why sodium must be limited. What is the best answer for the nurse to make?

  • A. Sodium causes high blood pressure, which is not good for your kidneys.
  • B. Kidneys normally help the body eliminate sodium. Your kidneys are not doing that now.
  • C. Sodium tends to increase the workload of the kidneys. Your kidneys need rest.
  • D. Sodium causes hypotension, which is dangerous when your kidneys don't work.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In chronic renal failure, the kidneys cannot effectively excrete sodium, leading to fluid retention and increased blood pressure, which further damages the kidneys.

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