Nokea
The physician orders an acid-fast bacilli sputum culture smear on a patient with possible tuberculosis. How will you collect this?
- A. Collect 2 different sputum specimens 12 hours apart
- B. Collect 3 different sputum specimens (one in the morning, afternoon, and at night)
- C. Collect 3 different sputum specimens on 3 different days
- D. Collect 2 different sputum specimens on 2 different days
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This is how an AFB sputum culture is collected.
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A 25 year-old female patient with pneumonia is prescribed Doxycycline. What question is important to ask the patient prior to administration of this medication?
- A. Do you take birth control pills?'
- B. Are you allergic to Penicillin?'
- C. Are you allergic to eggs?'
- D. Do you have a history of diabetes?'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Doxycycline can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, so asking about birth control use is critical. Penicillin allergy is unrelated, egg allergy is relevant for vaccines, and diabetes is not a primary concern.
Select all the correct options that represent the pathophysiology of an asthma attack.
- A. The smooth muscle surrounding the alveoli constricts, limiting oxygenation.
- B. The mucosa lining experiences severe inflammation.
- C. The goblet cells within the mucosa lining produce excessive amounts of mucous.
- D. Too much carbon dioxide is exhaled due to hyperventilation and the patient experiences respiratory alkalosis.
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Asthma involves inflammation of the airway mucosa and excessive mucus production by goblet cells. Smooth muscle constriction occurs in bronchioles, not alveoli, and hyperventilation typically leads to respiratory acidosis due to CO2 retention.
The client diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) suddenly complains of severe chest pain and a feeling of impending doom. Which complication should the nurse suspect the client has experienced?
- A. Myocardial infarction.
- B. Pneumonia.
- C. Pulmonary embolus.
- D. Pneumothorax.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sudden chest pain and impending doom in a DVT patient suggest pulmonary embolus (C), where a clot dislodges to the lungs, causing acute respiratory distress. Myocardial infarction (A) presents with cardiac symptoms. Pneumonia (B) has gradual onset. Pneumothorax (D) causes unilateral symptoms.
When the physician prescribes the first-generation antihistamine for the client's symptomatic relief, the nurse appropriately advises the client that first-generation antihistamines are associated with which side effect?
- A. Weight loss
- B. Constipation
- C. Drowsiness
- D. Depression
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: First-generation antihistamines cross the blood-brain barrier, often causing drowsiness as a common side effect.
The nurse is assessing a patient, who has many risk factors for the development of a DVT, for signs and symptoms of a deep vein thrombosis. What signs and symptoms below would possibly indicate a deep vein thrombosis is present?
- A. Cool extremity
- B. Decreases pulses
- C. Redness
- D. Pain
- E. Warm extremity
- F. Swelling
- G. Cyanosis
Correct Answer: C,D,E,F
Rationale: Signs and symptoms of a DVT include: redness, swelling, warm extremity, pain, positive Homan's Sign, and swelling (which can be unilateral...meaning there is more swelling in one extremity compared to the other).