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Which of the following is an example of an ethical dilemma in nursing?
- A. Choosing between two equally undesirable alternatives
- B. Reporting a colleague's unethical behavior
- C. Balancing patient confidentiality with the need to disclose information
- D. Deciding whether to comply with a patient's request that conflicts with professional ethics
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it presents a situation where a nurse must navigate conflicting values, such as respecting patient autonomy while upholding professional ethical standards. By complying with the patient's request, the nurse may compromise ethical principles.
A: Choosing between two equally undesirable alternatives is a moral dilemma, not necessarily an ethical dilemma.
B: Reporting a colleague's unethical behavior is an ethical obligation, not a dilemma.
C: Balancing patient confidentiality with the need to disclose information is an ethical consideration, but it does not inherently present a dilemma as it can be managed through established guidelines.
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Which of the following indicators is viewed as important by the nurse manager in relation to a performance model?
- A. Patient outcomes
- B. Rapport with staff
- C. Daily job performance
- D. Flexibility
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Patient outcomes. Nurse managers are responsible for overseeing the quality of care provided by their staff. Patient outcomes directly reflect the effectiveness of care delivery. Monitoring patient outcomes helps nurse managers identify areas for improvement, implement changes, and ensure high-quality care.
Rapport with staff (B) is important for team cohesion but may not directly impact performance model evaluation. Daily job performance (C) reflects individual staff performance, not the overall performance model. Flexibility (D) is a valuable trait but is not a specific indicator in relation to a performance model.
Which of the following is likely to facilitate union activity?
- A. Managers communicating effectively with employees
- B. Managers listening to concerns of employees
- C. Belief that low wages cause job dissatisfaction
- D. Belief that supervisors are not understanding of unionizing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Low wages may lead to job dissatisfaction, prompting employees to seek unionization for better pay.
Step 2: A direct correlation exists between low wages and union activity due to dissatisfaction.
Step 3: This belief can motivate employees to band together for collective bargaining.
Step 4: Effective communication or listening by managers does not directly facilitate union activity.
Step 5: The perception of supervisors' understanding is secondary to the root cause of dissatisfaction.
Which of the following is an example of voluntary absenteeism?
- A. Staying home for a sick child
- B. Staying home for a funeral
- C. Staying home to run errands or finish housework
- D. Staying home for sickness
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Voluntary absenteeism refers to missing work by choice rather than due to circumstances like illness or emergencies. Staying home to run errands or finish housework falls under this category as it is a personal choice unrelated to external factors.
A, B, and D are incorrect because staying home for a sick child, a funeral, or due to sickness are examples of involuntary absenteeism, where circumstances beyond the individual's control necessitate their absence from work.
Your nurse manager talks with you once per week to determine how you are adjusting to your role as a new nurse. She asks if you feel that you are able to provide good care to your patients, whether you are becoming familiar with the electronic health record, and whether your preceptor is encouraging your independence. This manager is demonstrating:
- A. An intrusive style.
- B. An effort to understand if you are coping with the demands.
- C. An attempt to intimidate.
- D. An authoritarian style.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the nurse manager is showing genuine concern for the new nurse's well-being and professional development. By asking about the nurse's ability to provide care, familiarity with the EHR, and support from the preceptor, the manager is seeking to understand and support the nurse's adjustment to the new role. This approach fosters open communication and a supportive environment.
Incorrect Choices:
A: An intrusive style implies invading personal boundaries, which is not evident in the scenario.
C: Intimidation involves creating fear or anxiety, which is not reflected in the manager's behavior.
D: An authoritarian style is characterized by strict control and limited feedback, which contradicts the manager's supportive and open approach.
Which of the following is an example of a conflict of interest in nursing?
- A. A nurse accepting gifts from a patient
- B. A nurse working for two competing healthcare organizations
- C. A nurse disclosing patient information without consent
- D. A nurse delegating tasks improperly
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a nurse working for two competing healthcare organizations creates a conflict of interest as they may prioritize one organization over the other. This could compromise patient care and violate ethical standards.
A: Accepting gifts from a patient may be inappropriate but does not necessarily create a conflict of interest.
C: Disclosing patient information without consent is a breach of confidentiality but not specifically a conflict of interest.
D: Delegating tasks improperly is a violation of professional standards but does not directly relate to a conflict of interest.