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Genomic medicine is an emerging medical discipline that involves using genomic information about an individual as part of the individual’s clinical care. Which example does the nurse associate with genomic medicine?
- A. Screening of neonates for inherited, treatable genetic diseases
- B. Creating drugs specifically for the treatment of cancer
- C. Conducting trial studies to determine how drugs effect individuals
- D. Tracing and gaining knowledge about how genetic mutations occur
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
A is correct as genomic medicine involves using genetic information for clinical care, such as screening neonates for genetic diseases. This helps in early detection and treatment. B is incorrect as drug development is not the main focus of genomic medicine. C is incorrect as trial studies focus on drug effects, not genetic information. D is incorrect as tracing genetic mutations is related to genetics research, not clinical care in genomic medicine.
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A patient at 37 weeks gestation arrives at the labor and delivery unit and reports a rupture of her membranes. Which factor causes the nurse to anticipate the HCP will prescribe a medical method of labor induction?
- A. The fetus is viable and the barrier for a sterile uterine environment is breached.
- B. The fetus is at risk for “drying out” and causing the mother to have a dry birth.
- C. The mother must be maintained on complete bedrest until contractions begin.
- D. The mother is at risk for developing an infection and passing it to the fetus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The fetus is viable and the barrier for a sterile uterine environment is breached. At 37 weeks gestation, the fetus is considered full-term and capable of surviving outside the womb. Rupture of membranes increases the risk of infection as it exposes the fetus to the vaginal flora. Therefore, a medical method of labor induction may be prescribed to prevent complications such as intrauterine infection.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect:
B: The fetus "drying out" and causing a dry birth is not a valid reason for labor induction.
C: Bedrest until contractions begin is not a standard approach for managing ruptured membranes.
D: While infection risk is a concern with ruptured membranes, the primary reason for induction is to prevent harm to the fetus due to the breach in the sterile uterine environment, not just maternal infection.
The nurse is providing prenatal education to a pregnant person who is 10 weeks pregnant. The nurse informs the pregnant person the placenta supports continual gestation until term by producing what?
- A. glucose
- B. hormones
- C. oxygen
- D. waste
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: hormones. The placenta produces hormones such as progesterone and estrogen, which are crucial for maintaining the pregnancy and supporting fetal development. These hormones help regulate the menstrual cycle, support the growth of the fetus, and prepare the body for childbirth. Glucose (A) is essential for fetal growth but is not the primary function of the placenta. Oxygen (C) is carried through the placenta to the fetus but is not produced by the placenta itself. Waste (D) products are removed by the placenta, but they are not produced to support continual gestation.
An expectant father asks the nurse, “Which part of the mature sperm contains the male chromosome?” What is the correct response by the nurse?
- A. X-bearing sperm
- B. The tail of the sperm
- C. The head of the sperm
- D. The middle portion of the sperm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct response is C: The head of the sperm. The head of the sperm contains the genetic material, including the male chromosome (Y chromosome). This is where the genetic information determining the sex of the offspring is located. The tail of the sperm is responsible for movement, not genetic material. X-bearing sperm would contain the female chromosome, not the male chromosome. The middle portion of the sperm does not specifically contain the genetic material related to determining the sex of the offspring.
What patient may need laparoscopic surgery?
- A. a patient with low antral follicle count
- B. a patient with an elevated prolactin level
- C. a patient with patent fallopian tubes on hysterosalpingogram
- D. a patient with suspected endometriosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because laparoscopic surgery is commonly used to diagnose and treat endometriosis due to its ability to visualize and remove endometrial implants. Patients with suspected endometriosis often have symptoms like pelvic pain and infertility, making laparoscopy a suitable option for both diagnosis and treatment. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not typically require laparoscopic surgery. Low antral follicle count and elevated prolactin levels are more related to infertility evaluations, while patent fallopian tubes on hysterosalpingogram indicate normal tubal patency and do not necessarily warrant laparoscopic intervention.
Which student statement requires further instruction?
- A. It protects against cervical cancer and genital warts.
- B. It is recommended for boys and girls, age 11-12.
- C. It is an effective treatment for precancerous cervical changes.
- D. It requires 2-3 doses.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The HPV vaccine is preventive, not a treatment for existing conditions.