Nokea
To determine cultural influences on a patient's diet, what is the nurse's primary action?
- A. Evaluate the patient's weight gain during pregnancy.
- B. Assess the socioeconomic status of the patient.
- C. Discuss the four food groups with the patient.
- D. Identify the food preferences and methods of food preparation common to the patient's culture.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because identifying the food preferences and methods of food preparation common to the patient's culture is crucial in understanding cultural influences on their diet. This step helps the nurse tailor dietary recommendations that align with the patient's cultural background and preferences, promoting better adherence and health outcomes.
Option A is incorrect as weight gain during pregnancy is not directly related to cultural influences on diet. Option B, assessing socioeconomic status, is important but not the primary action for understanding cultural influences on diet. Option C, discussing the four food groups, is too generic and does not specifically address cultural influences on diet.
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Which nursing intervention is an independent function of the professional nurse?
- A. Administering oral analgesics
- B. Requesting diagnostic studies
- C. Teaching the patient perineal care
- D. Providing wound care to a surgical incision
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Teaching is an independent nursing function, whereas administering medications or requesting diagnostic studies are dependent functions requiring physician orders.
For the pregnant patient who is a vegan, what combination of foods will the nurse advise to meet the nutritional needs for all essential amino acids?
- A. Eggs and beans
- B. Fruits and vegetables
- C. Grains and legumes
- D. Vitamin and mineral supplements
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C (Grains and legumes) because when combined, they provide all essential amino acids needed for a vegan pregnant patient. Grains are low in lysine but high in methionine, while legumes are high in lysine but low in methionine. By consuming both, the patient can achieve a complete protein profile. Choice A (Eggs and beans) is incorrect as vegans do not consume eggs. Choice B (Fruits and vegetables) lacks adequate protein and essential amino acids. Choice D (Vitamin and mineral supplements) is important for overall health but does not provide the necessary amino acids.
A patient postdelivery is concerned about getting back to her prepregnancy weight as soon as possible. She had only gained 15 lb during her pregnancy. Which assessment factor would be of concern at her 6-week postpartum checkup?
- A. Patient has lost 30 lb during the 6-week period prior to her scheduled checkup.
- B. Patient states that she is eating healthy and limiting intake of processed foods.
- C. Patient relates increased consumption of fruits and vegetables in her diet postbirth.
- D. Patient has resumed her usual exercise pattern of walking around the neighborhood for 10 minutes each night.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is (A) because losing 30 lb in the 6-week postpartum period is concerning as it is excessive and may indicate underlying health issues like hyperthyroidism or inadequate nutrition. This rapid weight loss can also affect the mother's energy levels, milk production, and overall health.
Choice (B) is incorrect as eating healthy and limiting processed foods is a positive behavior that supports weight management. Choice (C) is also incorrect as increased consumption of fruits and vegetables is beneficial for overall health. Choice (D) is incorrect because resuming a light exercise routine like walking is generally encouraged postpartum, as long as it is done safely and does not lead to excessive strain.
Which patient could safely be cared for by a certified nurse-midwife?
- A. Gravida 3, para 2, with no complications
- B. Gravida 1, para 0, with mild hypertension
- C. Gravida 2, para 1, with insulin-dependent diabetes
- D. Gravida 1, para 0, with borderline pelvic measurements
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Certified nurse-midwives care for low-risk women; Gravida 3, para 2, with no complications fits this criterion.
A pregnant patient with significant iron-deficiency anemia is prescribed iron supplements. The patient explains to the nurse that she cannot take iron because it makes her nauseous. What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. Iron will be absorbed more readily if taken with orange juice.'
- B. It is important to take this drug regardless of this side effect.'
- C. Taking the drug with milk may decrease your symptoms.'
- D. Try taking the iron at bedtime on an empty stomach.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Try taking the iron at bedtime on an empty stomach." Taking iron on an empty stomach at bedtime can help reduce nausea because there are fewer digestive interactions. Iron supplements are best absorbed on an empty stomach. Taking them with food or other beverages can worsen gastrointestinal side effects. Option A is incorrect as orange juice may increase the likelihood of nausea due to its acidity. Option B is incorrect as patient comfort and adherence are important considerations. Option C is incorrect as milk can decrease iron absorption.