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The nurse is assessing the duration of a patient’s labor contractions. Which method does the nurse implement to assess the duration of labor contractions?
- A. Assess the strongest intensity of each contraction.
- B. Assess uterine relaxation between two contractions.
- C. Assess from the beginning to the end of each contraction.
- D. Assess from the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse implements method C, which involves assessing the duration of contractions from the beginning to the end of each contraction. Duration refers to how long each contraction lasts from the start of the tightening sensation until it subsides. This assessment helps the nurse monitor the progress of labor, determine the effectiveness of contractions in dilating the cervix, and identify any potential issues such as prolonged or insufficient contractions that may affect labor progression. Assessing the duration of contractions is a key component of monitoring the labor process and ensuring safe delivery for both the mother and the baby.
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While attending the delivery of a patient with GODM, the nurse notices the retraction of the fetal head onto the perineum. What is the nurse’s next best action?
- A. Apply fundal pressure
- B. Assist the woman to left lateral position
- C. Flex the mother to left lateral position
- D. Assist the woman to hands-and-knees position
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The retraction of the fetal head onto the perineum during labor can be indicative of shoulder dystocia or other obstructive complications, requiring immediate action. The best response is to assist the mother into hands-and-knees position, which can relieve pressure on the perineum and help with fetal descent.
Uncontrolled maternal hyperventilation during labor results in
- A. metabolic acidosis.
- B. metabolic alkalosis.
- C. respiratory acidosis.
- D. respiratory alkalosis.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Uncontrolled maternal hyperventilation during labor leads to excessive elimination of carbon dioxide, causing a decrease in the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2). This results in respiratory alkalosis, as the pH of the blood increases due to a decrease in PaCO2. Metabolic acidosis (Option A) would be associated with conditions such as lactic acidosis, while metabolic alkalosis (Option B) would involve excessive loss of acid or gain of base, but in this case, the primary effect is on the respiratory system. Respiratory acidosis (Option C) would be characterized by an increase in PaCO2 leading to a decrease in pH, which is the opposite of what occurs in maternal hyperventilation.
A patient admitted to the labor unit asks the nurse to discuss the episiotomy procedure with her. Which is true regarding episiotomy?
- A. An episiotomy is required for all vaginal births.
- B. A midline episiotomy is associated with more third- and fourth-degree lacerations.
- C. A mediolateral episiotomy is easier to repair than a medial episiotomy.
- D. A midline episiotomy is associated with more blood loss.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A midline episiotomy is not required for all vaginal births, but it is associated with more third- and fourth-degree lacerations.
A patient admitted to the labor unit asks the nurse to discuss the episiotomy procedure with her. Which is true regarding episiotomy?
- A. An episiotomy is required for all vaginal births.
- B. A midline episiotomy is associated with more third- and fourth-degree lacerations.
- C. A mediolateral episiotomy is easier to repair than a medial episiotomy.
- D. A midline episiotomy is associated with more blood loss.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A midline episiotomy is not required for all vaginal births, but it is associated with more third- and fourth-degree lacerations.
The nurse hears the laboring patient making grunting noises. How will the nurse determine if the person is in the active second stage of labor?
- A. Assess for rupture of membranes.
- B. Assess for bloody show.
- C. Assess for dilation of the cervix.
- D. Assess for stool.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the active second stage of labor, the cervix is fully dilated to 10 centimeters. Grunting noises can be a sign of the transition to the pushing stage, which occurs in the active second stage of labor. Therefore, assessing for dilation of the cervix is crucial to determine if the laboring person is in the active second stage of labor.