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What drug is an anxiolytic that relieves apprehension and creates a feeling of calm?
- A. hydroxyzine
- B. fentanyl
- C. codeine
- D. morphine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: hydroxyzine. Hydroxyzine is an anxiolytic medication that acts on the central nervous system to relieve apprehension and induce a calming effect. It is commonly used to treat anxiety and tension. Fentanyl, codeine, and morphine are opioid medications primarily used for pain relief and do not have anxiolytic properties. Therefore, hydroxyzine is the correct choice for a drug that specifically targets anxiety and promotes a feeling of calm.
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What is the expected effect of pudendal anesthesia?
- A. loss of sensation in the perineum
- B. decreased ability to move one's legs
- C. permanent loss of motor function
- D. loss of consciousness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: loss of sensation in the perineum. Pudendal anesthesia specifically targets the pudendal nerve, which supplies sensation to the perineum. By blocking this nerve, the expected effect is a loss of sensation in the perineal region. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because pudendal anesthesia does not affect motor function, consciousness, or the ability to move one's legs. It is important to understand the specific nerve being targeted and its function to determine the expected effects of anesthesia.
The nerve block used in labor that provides anesthesia to the lower vagina and perineum is referred to as a(n)
- A. local.
- B. epidural.
- C. pudendal.
- D. spinal block.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: pudendal. Pudendal nerve block is specifically used to provide anesthesia to the lower vagina and perineum during labor. This block targets the pudendal nerve, which innervates these areas, providing effective pain relief for childbirth.
A local anesthetic is more general and may not specifically target the lower vagina and perineum. Epidural anesthesia is typically used to provide pain relief during labor but does not specifically target the lower vagina and perineum. A spinal block provides anesthesia for a larger area including the lower abdomen and legs, not specifically the lower vagina and perineum.
While assisting with a vacuum extraction birth, which alteration should the nurse immediately report to the obstetric provider?
- A. Maternal pulse rate of 100 bpm
- B. Maternal blood pressure of 120/70 mm Hg
- C. Persistent fetal bradycardia below 100 bpm
- D. Decreased intensity of uterine contractions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Persistent fetal bradycardia below 100 bpm. This is crucial because it indicates fetal distress and requires immediate intervention to prevent potential harm to the baby. Bradycardia below 100 bpm may indicate inadequate oxygen supply to the fetus, necessitating urgent action. Maternal vital signs in choices A and B are within normal ranges. Choice D, decreased intensity of uterine contractions, while important, is not as critical as fetal bradycardia in this scenario.
Which comfort measure should the nurse utilize in order to enable a laboring woman to relax?
- A. Recommend frequent position changes.
- B. Palpate her filling bladder every 15 minutes.
- C. Offer warm wet cloths toN useR on Ithe GpatiBen.t'Cs faMce and neck. U S N T O
- D. Keep the room lights lit so the patient and her coach can see everything.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because offering warm wet cloths to place on the patient's face and neck can help promote relaxation by providing a soothing sensation. This measure can help to reduce stress and tension, creating a calming environment for the laboring woman.
A: Recommending frequent position changes can help with labor progress and comfort, but it may not specifically address relaxation.
B: Palpating the filling bladder every 15 minutes is important for monitoring urinary output, but it is not a direct comfort measure for relaxation.
D: Keeping the room lights lit may be necessary for visibility, but bright lights can be distracting and may hinder relaxation.
The laboring person is in pain and very anxious. They do not want to use traditional pain relief methods. What can the nurse offer the laboring person to help with relaxation and reducing anxiety?
- A. lavender oil
- B. epidural
- C. nalbuphine hydrochloride (Nubain)
- D. cold rag
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: lavender oil. Lavender oil is a natural remedy known for its calming and relaxing properties, which can help reduce anxiety and promote relaxation in laboring individuals. It is safe and non-invasive, making it an ideal choice for someone who does not want traditional pain relief methods.
Incorrect choices:
B: Epidural is a commonly used pain relief method that involves injecting anesthesia into the epidural space, providing effective pain relief but not specifically targeting relaxation and anxiety reduction.
C: Nalbuphine hydrochloride (Nubain) is a synthetic opioid analgesic that can help manage pain but may not address the individual's desire for non-traditional methods.
D: Cold rag may provide some temporary relief for discomfort but may not be as effective in promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety compared to the calming effects of lavender oil.