Multiple Choice Questions for Respiratory System

Multiple Choice Questions for Respiratory System Related

Review Multiple Choice Questions for Respiratory System related questions and content

A client seen in the emergency department reports fever,fatigue and dry cough but no other upper respiratory symptoms. A chest x-ray reveals mediastinal widening. What action by the nurse is best?

  • A. Collect a sputum sample for culture by deep suctioning.
  • B. Inform the client that oral antibiotics will be needed for 60 days.
  • C. Place the client on Airborne Precautions immediately.
  • D. Tell the client that directly observed therapy is needed.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inform the client that oral antibiotics will be needed for 60 days. This is the best action because the client is showing symptoms consistent with tuberculosis, such as fever, fatigue, dry cough, and mediastinal widening on chest x-ray. Treatment for tuberculosis typically involves a combination of oral antibiotics for a prolonged period, usually 6-9 months. Collecting a sputum sample for culture by deep suctioning (A) may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis but is not the priority at this moment. Placing the client on Airborne Precautions immediately (C) is important once the diagnosis is confirmed, not the initial action. Directly observed therapy (D) is a method to ensure adherence to medication but is not the immediate next step.

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A client who has chronic heart failure is admitted to the emergency department with severe dyspnea and a dry hacking cough. Which action should the nurse take first?

  • A. Auscultate the abdomen
  • B. Check the capillary refill
  • C. Auscultate the breath sounds
  • D. Ask about the patient's allergies
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take first is to auscultate the breath sounds (Choice C) because the client is presenting with severe dyspnea and a dry hacking cough, which are indicative of respiratory distress in a patient with chronic heart failure. Auscultating the breath sounds will help the nurse assess the presence of crackles, wheezing, or decreased air entry, providing crucial information about the client's respiratory status and guiding immediate interventions. Checking the capillary refill (Choice B) is important but not the priority in this situation. Auscultating the abdomen (Choice A) is not relevant to the presenting symptoms. Asking about the patient's allergies (Choice D) is important but can be addressed after addressing the immediate respiratory distress.

The cartilage which are triangular pieces of hyaline cartilage and influence the position and tension of vocal cords?

  • A. thyroid cartilage
  • B. paired arytenoid
  • C. paired comiculate
  • D. cricoid cartilage
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: paired arytenoid cartilage. These cartilages are triangular and play a crucial role in adjusting the tension and position of the vocal cords, thus affecting voice pitch and quality. The thyroid cartilage (A) is a large shield-shaped cartilage, the corniculate cartilage (C) is small and horn-shaped, and the cricoid cartilage (D) is a ring-shaped cartilage. These cartilages do not directly influence the vocal cords' tension and position.

A male patient's X-ray result reveals bilateral white-outs, indicating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This syndrome results from:

  • A. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
  • B. Respiratory alkalosis
  • C. Increased pulmonary capillary permeability
  • D. Renal failure
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Increased pulmonary capillary permeability. ARDS is characterized by damage to the alveolar-capillary membrane, leading to increased permeability and leakage of fluid into the alveoli. This causes bilateral white-outs on X-ray. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (A) results from heart failure, not ARDS. Respiratory alkalosis (B) is a condition of elevated blood pH due to hyperventilation, not a direct cause of ARDS. Renal failure (D) is not a direct cause of ARDS, although it can contribute to fluid overload. Thus, the most accurate choice is C due to the pathophysiological mechanism of ARDS.

You are supervising a nursing student who is providing care for a thoracotomy client with a chest tube. What finding will you clearly instruct the nursing student to notify you about immediately?

  • A. Chest tube drainage of 10-15 mL per hour
  • B. Continuous bubbling in the water seal chamber
  • C. Complaints of pain at the chest tube site
  • D. Chest tube dressing dated yesterday.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Continuous bubbling in the water seal chamber indicates an air leak and potential complications. Drainage of 10-15 mL/hour (A) is normal. Pain complaints (C) and outdated dressing (D) are less urgent.

If the thoracic wall but not lungs is punctured

  • A. The lungs get inflated
  • B. The man dies as lungs get collapsed
  • C. The breathing rate decrease
  • D. The breathing rate increase
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because if the thoracic wall is punctured but not the lungs, air will enter the pleural cavity causing a pneumothorax. This leads to lung collapse and can result in death due to impaired gas exchange. Choices A and C are incorrect as the lungs do not get inflated and breathing rate does not decrease. Choice D is incorrect as the breathing rate actually increases in response to the decreased lung function.

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