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Which clinical manifestation should a nurse monitor for when assessing a pediatric client diagnosed with a basilar skull fracture?
- A. Periorbital ecchymosis
- B. Subdural hematoma
- C. Protruding bone
- D. Epidural hematoma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Periorbital ecchymosis, also known as raccoon eyes, is a classic sign of a basilar skull fracture. It presents as bruising around the eyes due to blood collecting in the tissues. Monitoring for periorbital ecchymosis is crucial in assessing a pediatric client with a basilar skull fracture because it can indicate the presence of this serious injury.
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A 3-month-old, former 29-week-premature infant has been scheduled for repair of bilateral inguinal hernias. The infant had received mechanical ventilation for the first 6 days of life and had apnea of prematurity that resolved 5 weeks ago. The infant is feeding well and gaining weight and has no requirement for supplemental oxygen. The hematocrit is 28. The HMO clerk approves the surgery on an outpatient basis. All of the following are true EXCEPT
- A. risk of postoperative apnea is increased by anemia
- B. accepted standard of care includes overnight inpatient apnea monitoring for this infant after general anesthesia because of a significant risk of postoperative apnea
- C. postponing the surgery incurs a small but real risk of incarceration, with complications that may include bowel obstruction and infarction of testes or ovaries
- D. after a spinal anesthetic, monitoring for apnea is not required, and the infant can be sent home from the postanesthetic care unit on the day of surgery
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
If a client's parathyroid glands were accidentally removed during a procedure, which condition should the nurse prepare for?
- A. Hypomagnesemia
- B. Hyperkalemia
- C. Hypernatremia
- D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The parathyroid glands play a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the body. If the parathyroid glands are accidentally removed during a procedure, the patient is at risk for developing hypocalcemia due to the lack of parathyroid hormone (PTH) production. PTH helps to maintain normal calcium levels in the blood by stimulating the release of calcium from the bones, increasing calcium absorption in the intestines, and reducing calcium excretion by the kidneys. Without PTH, the body's ability to regulate calcium is impaired, leading to low calcium levels, which is known as hypocalcemia. Symptoms of hypocalcemia can include muscle cramps, spasms, and tingling sensations. Nurses should be prepared to monitor for and manage hypocalcemia in a patient who has had their parathyroid glands accidentally removed during a procedure.
A term infant presents with tachypnea, grunting, and nasal flaring shortly after birth. A chest X-ray shows fluid in the lung fissures. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Neonatal pneumonia
- B. Respiratory distress syndrome
- C. Transient tachypnea of the newborn
- D. Meconium aspiration syndrome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding hepatitis A virus
- A. Several serotypes have been recognized
- B. Common source of outbreak is food and water contamination
- C. Maternal-neonatal transmission is possible
- D. Mainly occurs via hematogenous mode of transmission
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Of the following, the WORST prognostic factor in pediatric osteosarcoma is
- A. primary pelvic bone tumor
- B. poor histologic response to treatment
- C. bony metastases at the time of diagnosis
- D. lung metastases at the time of diagnosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.