Nokea
Each of the following accurately describes aspects of the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) published by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) except one. Which one is the exception?
- A. The DRIs replace the older recommended daily allowances.
- B. Current DRIs attempt to estimate required nutrients to improve long-term health.
- C. DRIs specifically address individuals whose requirements are affected by a disease state.
- D. The DRIs attempt to establish maximum safe levels of tolerance for nutrients.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. DRIs do not specifically address individuals with disease states; they are intended for the general healthy population. Choice A is correct because DRIs indeed replace the older recommended daily allowances. Choice B is correct as current DRIs aim to estimate required nutrients to enhance long-term health. Choice D is accurate as DRIs also attempt to establish maximum safe levels of tolerance for nutrients.
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How long can Vitamin A be stored in the liver for at least?
- A. 1 month.
- B. 6 months.
- C. 1 year.
- D. 18 months.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin A can be stored in the liver to meet basic needs for at least 1 year. This storage capacity allows the body to have a reserve of Vitamin A to sustain its needs over an extended period. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they underestimate the storage capacity of Vitamin A in the liver, which can last longer than these durations.
The nutrient facts panel was established by the USDA and the FDA to improve health and well-being by enhancing nutritional knowledge. Nutrient content claims describe a relationship between a food or food component and reduced risk of a disease or health-related condition.
- A. Both statements are true.
- B. Both statements are false.
- C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
- D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The first statement is true as the nutrient facts panel was indeed established by the USDA and the FDA to improve health and well-being by enhancing nutritional knowledge. However, the second statement is false. Nutrient content claims actually refer to the amount of a nutrient in a food, not to the relationship between a food and disease risk. Therefore, the second statement is incorrect, making choice C the correct option. Choice A is incorrect because the second statement is false. Choice B is incorrect as the first statement is true. Choice D is incorrect because the second statement is false.
Which is NOT a classification of carbohydrate?
- A. Monosaccharides
- B. Disaccharides
- C. Polysaccharides
- D. Triglycerides
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Triglycerides. Triglycerides are a type of fat, not a carbohydrate. Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides are all classifications of carbohydrates based on the number of sugar units they contain. Monosaccharides are the simplest form with one sugar unit, disaccharides contain two sugar units, and polysaccharides have multiple sugar units linked together.
Each is a physiologic role of vitamin D, except one. Which is the exception?
- A. Hematopoiesis
- B. Cardiac and neuromuscular function
- C. Immune responses
- D. Serum calcium regulation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Hematopoiesis. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in regulating serum calcium levels, which is essential for maintaining cardiac and neuromuscular function. Additionally, vitamin D is involved in modulating immune responses. However, hematopoiesis, the formation of red blood cells, is not a direct physiologic role of vitamin D. Therefore, hematopoiesis is the exception among the listed functions of vitamin D.
Vitamin deficiencies, especially the B-complex vitamins, seldom occur in isolation. Folate, a B-complex vitamin, is the exception because it functions separately from other vitamins.
- A. Both statements are true.
- B. Both statements are false.
- C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
- D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The first statement is true; the second is false. If a deficiency of one vitamin is suspected, symptoms of other vitamin B deficiencies also may be present. Folate deficiencies usually occur with other nutrient deficiencies. Specifically, folate functions in conjunction with vitamins B12 and C in maintaining normal levels of mature red blood cells.