Nokea
Liquid preparation made by boiling vegetable substances with water
- A. decoction
- B. fluid extract C solution
- C. spirits
- D. syrup
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A decoction is a liquid preparation made by boiling vegetable substances with water. This process helps extract the beneficial properties and compounds from the plant material into the liquid. Decoctions are commonly used in herbal medicine to prepare medicinal remedies by simmering roots, bark, or other plant parts in water for a period of time.
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A contraindication for topical corticosteroid usage in a male patient with atopic dermatitis (eczema) is:
- A. Parasite infection.
- B. Viral infection.
- C. Bacterial infection.
- D. Spirochete infection.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Topical corticosteroids can exacerbate viral infections, such as herpes simplex, by suppressing the immune response. They are contraindicated in the presence of viral infections to prevent worsening of the condition. Bacterial, parasitic, and spirochete infections are not absolute contraindications, although caution is advised.
The nurse is administering Penicillin to a patient who has tested positive for strep throat. The nurse knows to look for which of the following adverse e昀昀ects as a sign of an acute allergic reaction?
- A. blurred vision
- B. tinnitus
- C. skin rash/hives
- D. vomiting
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An acute allergic reaction to Penicillin can present with symptoms such as skin rash or hives. This is a common sign of an allergic reaction and can indicate the patient is having an adverse response to the medication. It is essential for the nurse to monitor the patient closely for any signs of allergic reactions, including hives, as they can quickly progress to more severe reactions such as anaphylaxis. Other adverse effects listed in the choices, such as blurred vision, tinnitus, and vomiting, are not typically associated with an acute allergic reaction to Penicillin.
What nursing interventions should you do when a patient is on Albuterol (select all that apply)
- A. Assess lung sounds , Pulse , and Blood pressure before administering
- B. Monitor for changes in behavior
- C. Observe for paradoxical bronchospasms
- D. Assess for abdominal distention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Assess lung sounds, Pulse, and Blood pressure before administering: It is important to assess the patient's baseline lung sounds, pulse rate, and blood pressure before administering Albuterol to monitor for any changes that may occur after administration. This is crucial in determining the effectiveness of the medication and detecting any potential side effects.
A patient has been started on therapy of a continuous infusion of lidocaine after receiving a loading dose of the drug. The nurse will monitor the patient for which adverse effect?
- A. Drowsiness
- B. Nystagmus
- C. Dry mouth
- D. Convulsions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that can have systemic effects if levels become toxic. Continuous infusion of lidocaine can lead to lidocaine toxicity, which can manifest as adverse effects including convulsions, altered mental status, confusion, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias. Monitoring for signs of lidocaine toxicity, such as convulsions, is crucial when a patient is receiving continuous lidocaine infusion. It is important for the nurse to closely monitor the patient's neurological status and vital signs to promptly recognize and manage any adverse effects.
Basis for pharmacotherapeutics
- A. Selective action of drugs with regard to diagnosis, preventive and treatment of disease
- B. Bioavailability of drugs
- C. Biologic half-life of drugs
- D. Renal clearance and elimination of drugs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The basis for pharmacotherapeutics lies in the selective action of drugs with regard to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases. Pharmacotherapeutics involves the use of drugs to manage diseases and improve health outcomes. Drugs are carefully selected based on their mechanism of action, efficacy, safety profile, and suitability for a specific condition. The goal is to achieve optimal therapeutic effects while minimizing potential adverse effects. By understanding the selective action of drugs in targeting specific pathways or processes in the body, healthcare providers can customize treatment regimens to individual patients and achieve the best possible outcomes.