Nokea
After the baby's head delivers, how is it usually tilted?
- A. with the face up.
- B. anteriorly, with the chin up.
- C. posteriorly, to one side.
- D. posteriorly, face down.
Correct Answer: C
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Which of the following statements regarding two-rescuer child CPR is correct?
- A. The chest should be compressed with one hand, and a compression-to-ventilation ratio of 30:2 should be delivered.
- B. A compression-to-ventilation ratio of 15:2 should be delivered with pauses in compressions to give ventilations.
- C. The chest should be allowed to fully recoil between compressions to optimize venous return.
- D. Compress the chest with one or two hands to a depth equal to one third the diameter of the chest.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In two-rescuer child CPR, the correct compression depth is one third the diameter of the chest. This depth can be achieved by compressing the chest with one or two hands. It is crucial to follow the correct compression depth guideline to ensure effective chest compressions and circulation during CPR for a child.
What is the MOST effective way to prevent cardiopulmonary arrest in a newborn?
- A. Ensure effective oxygenation and ventilation.
- B. Administer blow-by oxygen as soon as the newborn is born.
- C. Perform an Apgar assessment every 5 minutes.
- D. Suction the newborn's mouth and nose every 3 minutes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most effective way to prevent cardiopulmonary arrest in a newborn is to ensure effective oxygenation and ventilation. This is crucial in maintaining adequate oxygen supply and preventing respiratory distress or failure, which are significant factors leading to cardiopulmonary arrest. Providing appropriate ventilation support and oxygenation can help sustain the newborn's vital functions and reduce the risk of cardiopulmonary compromise.
Physical abuse of a 4-year-old child should be suspected if you observe:
- A. purple and yellow bruises on the thighs.
- B. bruises on the anterior tibial area.
- C. the child clinging to his or her parent.
- D. curious siblings watching you.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Purple and yellow bruises on protected areas like the thighs are concerning as they indicate bruises in various stages of healing, which is a red flag for physical abuse. Bruises on the anterior tibial area or a child clinging to a parent are not specific signs of physical abuse. Siblings watching you is unrelated to the suspicion of physical abuse in this scenario.
A 5-year-old boy was struck by a car when he ran out into the street. When you arrive at the scene and approach the child, you see him lying supine approximately 15 feet from the car. Based on the child's age and mechanism of injury, which of the following should you suspect to be his PRIMARY injury?
- A. Lower leg injury
- B. Head injury
- C. Upper thorax injury
- D. Pelvic injury
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Given the mechanism of injury and the distance the child was thrown, a primary pelvic injury should be suspected due to the high impact and force. The pelvis is a common site for significant injury in such cases, and the distance the child was thrown indicates a high-energy impact that could lead to pelvic fractures or injuries.
What is the most likely cause of a sudden onset of respiratory distress in a 5-year-old child with no fever?
- A. Infection of the lower airways.
- B. A progressive upper airway infection.
- C. Inflammation of the upper airway.
- D. A foreign body airway obstruction.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A sudden onset of respiratory distress in a child without fever is most likely due to a foreign body airway obstruction. This obstruction can rapidly lead to difficulty breathing, stridor, and other signs of respiratory distress without necessarily causing a fever. Prompt recognition and intervention are crucial in such cases to prevent further complications and ensure the child's airway remains clear.