ATI Pediatrics Proctored Test

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Your assessment of a 5-year-old child reveals that he is unresponsive with a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min and a heart rate of 50 beats/min. Treatment for this child should include:

  • A. high-flow oxygen via non-rebreathing mask and rapid transport.
  • B. assisted ventilation with a bag-mask device and rapid transport.
  • C. positive-pressure ventilation, chest compressions, and rapid transport.
  • D. back slaps and chest thrusts while attempting artificial ventilations.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a 5-year-old child who is unresponsive with severe bradycardia and bradypnea, the priority is to provide positive-pressure ventilation to support breathing and perform chest compressions to support circulation. This child is in cardiac arrest, and the recommended treatment according to pediatric basic life support guidelines involves a combination of positive-pressure ventilation and chest compressions to maintain oxygenation and circulation. Rapid transport to a medical facility for further advanced care is crucial in this critical situation. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because high-flow oxygen via non-rebreathing mask, assisted ventilation with a bag-mask device, and back slaps with chest thrusts are not sufficient in a cardiac arrest situation where the child requires immediate positive-pressure ventilation and chest compressions to maintain oxygenation and circulation.

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When assessing a 30-year-old female in labor, what should the EMT do?

  • A. Ask the mother when she is expecting to deliver.
  • B. Avoid questioning the patient about her medical history.
  • C. Determine the stage of her labor by examining her.
  • D. Recall that delivery is imminent if she is crowning.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: During the assessment of a 30-year-old female in labor, the EMT should be aware that delivery is imminent if she is crowning. Crowning indicates that the baby's head is visible at the vaginal opening, signaling that the birth is progressing rapidly and the baby will soon be delivered. This is a critical moment that requires preparedness for the birth process and ensuring a safe delivery environment. Choice A is incorrect because asking the mother when she is expecting to deliver is not relevant when the baby's head is visible at the vaginal opening. Choice B is incorrect as obtaining the patient's medical history is essential for providing appropriate care. Choice C is incorrect because determining the stage of labor by examining the patient is important but recognizing crowning indicates that delivery is imminent and requires immediate action.

Management for a woman presenting with a prolapsed umbilical cord includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

  • A. lifting the baby's head off the umbilical cord.
  • B. placing the mother in a position that elevates her hips.
  • C. ensuring that the cord stays moist during transport.
  • D. relieving pressure off the cord by gently pulling on it.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In cases of prolapsed umbilical cord, it is crucial to manage the situation promptly. The correct steps include lifting the baby's head off the umbilical cord to reduce pressure, placing the mother in a position that elevates her hips to relieve pressure on the cord, and ensuring that the cord stays moist. Pulling on the cord is not recommended as it can further compromise fetal circulation and should be avoided. Therefore, relieving pressure off the cord by gently pulling on it is not a recommended management approach in cases of prolapsed umbilical cord.

General guidelines when assessing a 2-year-old child with abdominal pain and adequate perfusion include:

  • A. placing the child supine and palpating the abdomen.
  • B. separating the child from the parent to ensure a reliable examination.
  • C. examining the child in the parent's arms.
  • D. palpating the painful area of the abdomen first.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When assessing a 2-year-old child with abdominal pain and adequate perfusion, it is essential to examine the child in the parent's arms. This approach can help maintain the child's comfort, keep them calm, and increase their cooperation during the assessment. Placing the child supine and palpating the abdomen (Choice A) can be distressing and uncomfortable for the child. Separating the child from the parent (Choice B) may cause additional stress and hinder the examination process. Palpating the painful area first (Choice D) can lead to increased discomfort and resistance from the child.

What is the appropriate ventilation rate for an apneic infant?

  • A. 8 to 10 breaths/min.
  • B. 10 to 12 breaths/min.
  • C. 12 to 20 breaths/min.
  • D. 20 to 30 breaths/min.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: During resuscitation of an apneic infant, the appropriate ventilation rate is 12 to 20 breaths per minute. This rate helps provide adequate oxygenation and ventilation without causing harm to the infant. Choice A (8 to 10 breaths/min) is too low and may not provide sufficient ventilation. Choice B (10 to 12 breaths/min) is slightly below the recommended range, which may not be optimal for effective resuscitation. Choice D (20 to 30 breaths/min) is too high and may lead to overventilation and potential harm to the infant by causing hypocapnia.

What is the main function of the uterus?

  • A. Dilate and expel the baby from the cervix.
  • B. House the fetus as it grows for 40 weeks.
  • C. Provide a cushion and protect the fetus from infection.
  • D. Provide oxygen and other nutrients to the fetus.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The main function of the uterus is to house and nurture the growing fetus for approximately 40 weeks during pregnancy. It provides the necessary environment for the fetus to develop and grow until it is ready for birth. Choice A is incorrect as the cervix, not the uterus, dilates during labor to allow the baby to pass through. Choice C is incorrect as while the uterus does provide a protective environment, its primary function is not to act as a cushion. Choice D is incorrect as the placenta, not the uterus, is responsible for providing oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.

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