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A client on a psychiatric unit says,"It's a waste of time to be here. I can't talk to you or anyone." Which would be an appropriate therapeutic nursing response?
- A. "I find that hard to believe."
- B. "Are you feeling that no one understands?"
- C. "I think you should calm down and look on the positive side."
- D. "Our staff here is excellent, and you are in good hands."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it demonstrates empathy and encourages the client to express their feelings. By asking if the client feels that no one understands, the nurse acknowledges the client's emotions and opens the door for further discussion. Choice A is confrontational and may make the client defensive. Choice C dismisses the client's feelings and is not validating. Choice D is a vague reassurance that does not address the client's concerns.
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A patient is experiencing moderate anxiety. The nurse encourages the patient to talk about feelings and concerns. What is the rationale for this intervention?
- A. Offering hope allays and defuses the patient's anxiety.
- B. Concerns stated aloud become less overwhelming and help problem solving begin.
- C. Anxiety is reduced by focusing on and validating what is occurring in the environment.
- D. Encouraging patients to explore alternatives increases the sense of control and lessens anxiety.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because verbalizing feelings and concerns can help the patient process and understand their emotions, making them feel less overwhelming. This can facilitate problem-solving by breaking down complex issues into smaller, manageable parts. By talking about their concerns, the patient can also receive support and feedback from the nurse, leading to a sense of relief and empowerment.
Incorrect answer explanations:
A: Offering hope may be comforting but does not directly address the patient's current anxiety by helping them process and verbalize their feelings.
C: Focusing on the environment may not necessarily address the patient's internal feelings and concerns, which are key in managing anxiety.
D: While exploring alternatives can increase a sense of control, it may not directly address the immediate need to process and verbalize emotions to reduce anxiety.
A client is prescribed disulfiram as part of his alcohol treatment program to prevent relapse. The client asks the nurse, 'How will this drug help me?' Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. It will help to cure your alcoholism.'
- B. It can help to prevent you from drinking.'
- C. It makes the withdrawal symptoms less troublesome.'
- D. It helps to clear the alcohol out of your body.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: It can help to prevent you from drinking. Disulfiram works by causing unpleasant symptoms (such as nausea, vomiting, and headache) when alcohol is consumed, acting as a deterrent to drinking. This helps the client stay sober and avoid relapse.
Incorrect choices:
A: It will help to cure your alcoholism - Disulfiram does not cure alcoholism but helps manage it.
C: It makes the withdrawal symptoms less troublesome - Disulfiram does not address withdrawal symptoms.
D: It helps to clear the alcohol out of your body - Disulfiram does not clear alcohol from the body but rather prevents its metabolism, leading to adverse effects if alcohol is consumed.
A category 5 tornado occurred in a community of 400 people. Many homes and businesses were destroye In the 2 years following the disaster, 140 individuals were diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Which term best applies to these newly diagnosed cases?
- A. Prevalence
- B. Comorbidity
- C. Incidence
- D. Parity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The term that best applies to the newly diagnosed cases of PTSD is "Incidence" (Choice C). Incidence refers to the rate of new cases of a disease within a specific population over a defined period. In this case, the 140 individuals newly diagnosed with PTSD in the 2 years following the tornado represent the occurrence of new cases within the community of 400 people. This term specifically addresses the number of new cases arising from a particular event or exposure.
Summary:
A: Prevalence refers to the total number of cases (new and existing) within a population at a specific point in time.
B: Comorbidity refers to the presence of two or more conditions in an individual at the same time.
D: Parity refers to equality or equivalence, which is not relevant to the context of new PTSD diagnoses post-tornado.
A twenty-eight-year-old client enters the family therapy meeting clutching a blanket and holds the blanket throughout the session while rocking back and forth in the chair. What defense mechanism is the client demonstrating?
- A. denial
- B. projection
- C. undoing
- D. regression
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: regression. The client clutching a blanket and rocking back and forth indicate a return to an earlier stage of development to cope with stress or anxiety. Regression involves reverting to behaviors from a less mature stage. Denial (A) involves refusing to acknowledge reality, projection (B) involves attributing one's feelings onto others, and undoing (C) involves trying to undo or reverse an unacceptable action or thought. These defense mechanisms do not align with the client's behavior of regression.
As a nurse working in obstetrics, what is one way to mitigate possible causes of intellectual disability?
- A. Explain to the parent the treatment options available.
- B. Explain to the parent environmental risks to avoid during pregnancy.
- C. Explain to the parent that genetics have a role in this disability.
- D. Explain to the parent that learning disabilities often go unnoticed until the child enters school.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because avoiding environmental risks during pregnancy can help mitigate possible causes of intellectual disability. Environmental factors such as exposure to toxins, infections, and poor nutrition can have a significant impact on fetal brain development. By educating parents about these risks, nurses can empower them to make informed choices to protect their baby's cognitive development.
Choice A is incorrect because treatment options are not preventive measures to avoid intellectual disability.
Choice C is incorrect because while genetics can play a role in intellectual disability, it is not something parents can actively mitigate during pregnancy.
Choice D is incorrect because learning disabilities are different from intellectual disabilities, and addressing them at school age is not a preventive measure during pregnancy.