Nokea
What is the primary focus of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy?
- A. Hospital-based care
- B. Curative care only
- C. Prevention and treatment of childhood illnesses
- D. Surgical interventions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Prevention and treatment of childhood illnesses. The IMCI strategy focuses on a holistic approach that includes both prevention and treatment of common childhood illnesses. It emphasizes promoting healthy practices, early detection, appropriate treatment, and follow-up care. Hospital-based care (A) is not the primary focus as IMCI aims to improve health outcomes at the community level. Curative care only (B) is also not correct as prevention is a key component of IMCI. Surgical interventions (D) are not the primary focus of IMCI, which aims to address a wide range of common childhood illnesses with a comprehensive approach.
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Which of the following practices is part of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI)?
- A. Promoting the use of infant formula
- B. Encouraging skin-to-skin contact after birth
- C. Separating mother and baby after delivery
- D. Scheduling feedings at fixed intervals
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encouraging skin-to-skin contact after birth. This practice is part of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) as it promotes bonding, initiates breastfeeding, and helps regulate the baby's temperature and breathing. Skin-to-skin contact also supports the establishment of breastfeeding and enhances maternal-infant attachment.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Promoting the use of infant formula - This goes against the BFHI, which promotes exclusive breastfeeding.
C: Separating mother and baby after delivery - BFHI encourages keeping mother and baby together to promote bonding and breastfeeding.
D: Scheduling feedings at fixed intervals - BFHI promotes feeding on demand to support breastfeeding and responsive feeding practices.
Which nutrient is known to reduce the risk of neural tube defects when taken by pregnant women?
- A. Vitamin C
- B. Vitamin D
- C. Folic acid
- D. Iron
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Folic acid. Folic acid is essential for fetal development, especially in preventing neural tube defects. It aids in the formation of the neural tube, which develops into the baby's brain and spinal cord. Pregnant women are advised to take folic acid supplements to reduce the risk of these defects.
Rationale for other choices:
A: Vitamin C - While important for overall health, Vitamin C does not specifically reduce the risk of neural tube defects.
B: Vitamin D - Important for bone health, but not directly linked to reducing neural tube defects.
D: Iron - Necessary for preventing anemia during pregnancy, but not specifically known to reduce the risk of neural tube defects.
Which of the following is an essential nutrient required for preventing neural tube defects?
- A. Iron
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Calcium
- D. Folic acid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Folic acid. Folic acid is essential for preventing neural tube defects because it plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis and cell division, particularly during early fetal development. Adequate folic acid intake before and during pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Iron (A), Vitamin C (B), and Calcium (C) are important nutrients for overall health but do not have a direct role in preventing neural tube defects. Iron is vital for red blood cell production, Vitamin C is an antioxidant that supports the immune system, and Calcium is essential for bone health. However, for preventing neural tube defects specifically, folic acid is the essential nutrient.
At what age is the first dose of the MMR vaccine typically administered to a child?
- A. At birth
- B. 6 months
- C. 12 months
- D. 18 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 12 months. The first dose of the MMR vaccine is typically administered at 12 months of age because this is when a child's immune system is more developed to respond effectively to the vaccine. Administering it earlier may not provide adequate protection. Choice A (At birth) is incorrect because newborns have maternal antibodies that can interfere with the vaccine's efficacy. Choice B (6 months) is too early as infants need time to develop their immune system. Choice D (18 months) is also incorrect as delaying the vaccine may leave the child vulnerable to diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella.
Which of the following is an example of a waterborne disease?
- A. Hepatitis A
- B. Influenza
- C. Measles
- D. Tuberculosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hepatitis A. Waterborne diseases are caused by pathogens that are transmitted through contaminated water. Hepatitis A is a viral infection that spreads through the consumption of contaminated water or food. It affects the liver and is commonly associated with poor sanitation and hygiene. Influenza, Measles, and Tuberculosis are not waterborne diseases. Influenza and Measles are viral infections spread through respiratory droplets, while Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection primarily transmitted through the air. Hepatitis A is the only choice that aligns with the definition of a waterborne disease.