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During a therapy session, a patient is asked to rate the intensity of his current issue from 1 to 10 with 1 being complete absence of the issue and 10 being the most intense. The patient is being asked which type of question?
- A. Relationship
- B. Miracle
- C. Scaling
- D. Exception
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Scaling. Scaling questions involve asking clients to rate the intensity of their issues on a numerical scale, just like in this scenario. This helps therapists understand the perceived severity of the problem and track changes over time. Relationship questions focus on interpersonal dynamics, miracle questions explore ideal outcomes, and exception questions inquire about times when the issue is not present. In this case, the question about rating intensity aligns best with the scaling technique.
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A patient states, "I'm not worth anything. I have negative thoughts about myself. I feel anxious and shaky all the time. Sometimes I feel so sad that I want to go to sleep and never wake up." Which nursing intervention should have the highest priority?
- A. Self-esteem–building activities
- B. Anxiety self-control measures
- C. Sleep enhancement activities
- D. Suicide precautions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Suicide precautions. The patient's statement indicates suicidal ideation and intent. Priority is to ensure immediate safety. Suicide precautions involve continuous monitoring, removing harmful objects, and providing a safe environment. A: Self-esteem activities, B: Anxiety measures, and C: Sleep enhancement are important, but not the priority when a patient is at risk of self-harm.
A client diagnosed with bipolar disorder and experiencing mania is admitted to the inpatient psychiatric setting. During the acute phase of mania, which medication would the nurse expect to most likely administer?
- A. Lithium carbonate (Lithium)
- B. Haloperidol lactate (Haldol)
- C. Fluoxetine (Prozac)
- D. Paroxetine (Paxil)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Haloperidol lactate (Haldol). In the acute phase of mania, antipsychotic medications like haloperidol are commonly used to manage symptoms such as agitation, hyperactivity, and psychosis. Haloperidol helps to reduce dopamine activity in the brain, which can help stabilize mood and behavior during manic episodes. Lithium (A) is more commonly used for long-term mood stabilization in bipolar disorder. Fluoxetine (C) and Paroxetine (D) are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) used for depression and not recommended during mania due to the risk of worsening manic symptoms.
A nursing student is assigned to care for a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia. When talking about this patient in a clinical postconference, the student would use which terminology when referring to the patient?
- A. Committed patient
- B. Schizophrenic
- C. Schizophrenic patient
- D. Person with schizophrenia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Person with schizophrenia. This terminology aligns with person-first language, which emphasizes the individuality and humanity of the patient over their diagnosis. It is important to use person-first language to promote respect and reduce stigma. Using terms like "committed patient" (A) can be stigmatizing and inaccurate, as not all patients with schizophrenia are committed involuntarily. "Schizophrenic" (B) and "schizophrenic patient" (C) both label the individual by their diagnosis, which can be dehumanizing and reduce their identity to just their condition. In contrast, "person with schizophrenia" (D) acknowledges the personhood of the individual first and foremost.
A nurse has just completed a suicide risk assessment of a 76-year-old widowed man. In addition to documenting the presence or absence of suicidal thoughts, plan, and means, the nurse would also document which of the following?
- A. Use of substances 6 hours before the assessment
- B. Speech patterns
- C. Availability of support resources
- D. Amount of sleep in past 24 hours
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use of substances 6 hours before the assessment. This is important to assess as substance use can increase the risk of impulsive behavior and exacerbate suicidal thoughts. It is crucial to determine if the individual has recently used substances as it may impact their judgment and decision-making. The other choices are not directly related to immediate risk assessment for suicide. Speech patterns (B) may provide insight into the individual's mental state, but substance use takes precedence in assessing immediate risk. Availability of support resources (C) is important for long-term prevention but does not address immediate risk. The amount of sleep in the past 24 hours (D) may impact mental health but does not directly assess immediate risk of suicide.
A category 5 tornado occurred in a community of 400 people. Many homes and businesses were destroye In the 2 years following the disaster, 140 individuals were diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Which term best applies to these newly diagnosed cases?
- A. Prevalence
- B. Comorbidity
- C. Incidence
- D. Parity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The term that best applies to the newly diagnosed cases of PTSD is "Incidence" (Choice C). Incidence refers to the rate of new cases of a disease within a specific population over a defined period. In this case, the 140 individuals newly diagnosed with PTSD in the 2 years following the tornado represent the occurrence of new cases within the community of 400 people. This term specifically addresses the number of new cases arising from a particular event or exposure.
Summary:
A: Prevalence refers to the total number of cases (new and existing) within a population at a specific point in time.
B: Comorbidity refers to the presence of two or more conditions in an individual at the same time.
D: Parity refers to equality or equivalence, which is not relevant to the context of new PTSD diagnoses post-tornado.