Nokea
Who is the primary authority source for drug standards in the United States?
- A. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
- B. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- C. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- D. National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- E. Calculate the total volume for all doses:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA is responsible for regulating and overseeing the standards for drug safety, efficacy, and quality in the United States. They review and approve new drugs before they can be marketed, set guidelines for manufacturing practices, and monitor drug safety post-market. The DEA (A) focuses on enforcing controlled substance laws, CDC (C) focuses on public health, and NIH (D) is primarily a research agency. Choices E, F, and G are irrelevant and do not pertain to drug standards.
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Where do enteric coated tablets typically disintegrate in the body?
- A. Esophagus
- B. Duodenum
- C. Stomach
- D. Colon
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Duodenum. Enteric-coated tablets are designed to withstand the acidic environment of the stomach and only disintegrate in the alkaline environment of the duodenum. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine, where the pH is higher due to the presence of bicarbonate from the pancreas. This delayed release allows for protection of the drug from stomach acid and enzymes. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because enteric-coated tablets are specifically formulated to avoid disintegration in the esophagus, stomach, or colon.
Calculate the flow rate I mL/hr. and Units/hr. (Equipment used is programmable in whole mL/hr and Show all work) Order: 25,000 units of Heparin in 250 mL to infuse at 11 mL/hr. Calculate rate in units/hr.
- A. 900 units/hr
- B. 1,000 units/hr
- C. 2.000 units/hr
- D. 1,100 units/hr
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: To calculate the flow rate in units/hr, we first find the concentration of Heparin in the solution: 25,000 units / 250 mL = 100 units/mL. Then, we multiply this concentration by the infusion rate in mL/hr: 100 units/mL * 11 mL/hr = 1,100 units/hr. Therefore, the correct answer is D: 1,100 units/hr. Other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the correct calculation process or involve errors in unit conversion or multiplication.
A nurse is preparing to administer hydrocodone/acetaminophen 5 mg PO every 6 hr for pain. The amount available is hydrocodone/acetaminophen 7.5 mg/500 mg/15 mL elixir. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero. )
- A. 1.0 mL
- B. 5 ml
- C. 15 mL
- D. 10 mL
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: To determine the amount of elixir to administer, we need to set up a proportion using the ratio of available medication to prescribed dose.
Given:
Hydrocodone/acetaminophen 7.5 mg/500 mg/15 mL = 5 mg/1 dose = x mL
Cross multiply:
7.5 mg * x mL = 5 mg * 15 mL
7.5x = 75
x = 75 / 7.5
x = 10 mL
Therefore, the nurse should administer 10 mL of the elixir.
Choice A (1.0 mL) is incorrect as it is too small for the prescribed dose. Choice B (5 mL) is incorrect as it does not match the calculated amount. Choice C (15 mL) is incorrect as it does not consider the concentration of the medication.
A nurse is assisting in preparing an in-service program about preventing medication errors when transcribing a prescription. The nurse is using a dosage example of two tenths of a milligram. Which of the following transcription examples should the nurse use?
- A. 0.2 mg
- B. .2 mg
- C. 2.0 mg
- D. 0.20 mg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 0.2 mg. When transcribing a dosage of two tenths of a milligram, it should be written as 0.2 mg to clearly indicate the decimal point. Choice B (.2 mg) lacks the leading zero before the decimal point, which can be misread as 2 mg. Choice C (2.0 mg) incorrectly indicates a dosage of 2 mg, not 0.2 mg. Choice D (0.20 mg) is unnecessarily precise for two tenths of a milligram. Choices E, F, and G are not provided, making them incorrect by default. Therefore, option A is the most accurate and clear representation of the dosage of two tenths of a milligram.
Order: lidocaine 2 g in 250 mL of D5W at 30 mL/h What is the flow rate?
- A. 250 mL/hr
- B. 30 mL/hr
- C. 15 mL/hr
- D. 150 mL/hr
- E. 150 mL/hr
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 30 mL/hr. To calculate the flow rate, first convert 2 g of lidocaine to mL using the drug concentration. Then divide by the time in hours. The other choices are incorrect because they do not correctly calculate the flow rate based on the given information. Choice A is the initial volume, not the flow rate. Choices C, D, and E are incorrect calculations based on incorrect conversions or misinterpretations of the question.