Nokea
In which individual does negative nitrogen balance occur?
- A. Adult who engages in a weight-training program.
- B. Woman who is pregnant or lactating.
- C. Child who is growing.
- D. Older adult with anorexia.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Negative nitrogen balance occurs when the body loses more nitrogen than it gains. This imbalance is often seen in conditions like anorexia in older adults, where insufficient protein intake leads to muscle breakdown and negative nitrogen balance. Choices A, B, and C do not typically lead to negative nitrogen balance as seen in anorexia in older adults.
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In an analysis of the amino acid composition of foods, the amino acid occurring in the smallest amount is called:
- A. indispensable.
- B. dispensable.
- C. complementary.
- D. limiting.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'limiting.' In the analysis of the amino acid composition of foods, the amino acid that occurs in the smallest amount is referred to as the limiting amino acid. This term is used because when one essential amino acid is deficient, it limits the synthesis of proteins, making it crucial in determining protein quality. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. 'Indispensable' and 'dispensable' refer to the essentiality of amino acids, and 'complementary' does not describe the concept of the amino acid occurring in the smallest amount.
Which lipoprotein increases the risk of cardiovascular disease?
- A. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
- B. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
- C. Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
- D. Chylomicrons
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL). LDL is often referred to as 'bad cholesterol' because it can lead to plaque buildup in arteries, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is considered 'good cholesterol' as it helps remove LDL from the arteries, reducing the risk of cardiovascular issues. Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and chylomicrons are also lipoproteins that transport fats in the bloodstream, but they are not as strongly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease as LDL.
What group makes each amino acid unique?
- A. Radical group
- B. Amino group
- C. Carboxyl group
- D. Peptide bond
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the radical group (R-group) because it is the unique side chain that differentiates each amino acid. The amino group (choice B) and carboxyl group (choice C) are functional groups common to all amino acids but do not make them unique. The peptide bond (choice D) is the bond formed between amino acids in a protein chain, not the group that makes each amino acid unique.
What is the recommended dietary intake of protein for adults?
- A. 0.5 g/kg.
- B. 0.8 g/kg.
- C. 1.0 g/kg.
- D. 1.5 g/kg.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body in sufficient amounts are known as:
- A. indispensable.
- B. dispensable.
- C. simple.
- D. complex.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'dispensable.' Dispensable amino acids are those that the body can synthesize in sufficient amounts, so they are not required to be obtained from the diet. Indispensable amino acids, on the other hand, are essential and must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot produce them in sufficient quantities. Choices C and D, 'simple' and 'complex,' are incorrect as they do not accurately describe amino acids in terms of synthesis by the body.