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Which scenario best illustrates scapegoating within a family?
- A. The identified patient sends messages of aggression to selected family members.
- B. Family members project problems of the family onto one particular family member.
- C. The identified patient threatens separation from the family to induce feelings of isolation and despair.
- D. Family members give the identified patient nonverbal messages that conflict with verbal messages.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Scapegoating projects blame for family problems onto a member who is less powerful. The purpose of this projection is to distract from issues or dysfunctional behaviors in the members of the family.
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No lessons are given in Montessori method
- A. Individual
- B. Self-constructed
- C. Group
- D. Self-Evaluated
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Montessori avoids group lessons, promoting self-directed learning.
The Montessori approach believes that discipline comes from
- A. Punishment
- B. Reward
- C. Self-control
- D. Teacher's authority
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Montessori fosters self-control as the basis for discipline.
The id, the ego, and the superego theory was established by:
- A. Freud.
- B. Horney.
- C. Skinner.
- D. Pavlov.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dr. Freud developed these personality components and believed that these components are all set in the unconscious.
Attempting to calm an angry client by using 'talk therapy' is an example of which of the following clients' rights?
- A. The right to privacy
- B. The right to refuse medication
- C. The right to the least-restrictive treatment alternative
- D. The right to confidentiality
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Using 'talk therapy' to de-escalate an angry client is a non-intrusive, least-restrictive approach to treatment, prioritizing the client's autonomy and minimizing physical intervention, aligning with option c.
The theorist who believes that individual interprets experiences is
- A. Jean Piaget
- B. Erik Erikson
- C. Lev Vygotsky
- D. John Dewey
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Jean Piaget's cognitive theory emphasizes how individuals actively interpret and construct knowledge from experiences.