Nokea
409 Kelvin equals
- A. 136°F
- B. 273°F
- C. 682°F
- D. 136°C
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: To convert Kelvin to Celsius, subtract 273. So, 409K - 273 = 136°C. Choice D is correct. Choice A (136°F) is incorrect because it's a Fahrenheit conversion. Choice B (273°F) is incorrect, as it doesn't convert Kelvin to Fahrenheit. Choice C (682°F) is incorrect, as it's double the incorrect Fahrenheit conversion.
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Which of the following is an example of a quantitative observation?
- A. The piece of metal is longer than the piece of wood.
- B. Solution 1 is much darker than solution
- C. The liquid in beaker A is blue.
- D. The temperature of the liquid is 60°C.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it involves a measurable quantity (length) that can be expressed numerically. This is a quantitative observation as it can be described with numbers. Choices B and C describe qualities (color and appearance) which are qualitative observations. Choice D provides a quantitative measurement (temperature) but it is not an observation, rather a measurement.
Considering the plot of total mass (y-axis) versus volume (x-axis), which of the following is true?
- A. The plot should be rather linear because the slope measures the density of a liquid.
- B. The plot should be curved upward because the slope measures the density of a liquid.
- C. The plot should be curved upward because the mass of the liquid is higher in successive trials.
- D. The plot should be linear because the mass of the beaker stays constant.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. The plot of total mass versus volume should be rather linear because the slope measures the density of a liquid. This is because density is defined as mass divided by volume (density = mass/volume). Therefore, when mass is plotted against volume, the slope of the line represents the density of the liquid. A linear relationship between mass and volume indicates that the density remains constant.
Summary of other choices:
B: The plot being curved upward due to slope measuring density is incorrect.
C: The plot being curved upward due to mass being higher in successive trials is incorrect.
D: The plot being linear because the mass of the beaker stays constant is incorrect.
Alpha particles beamed at thin metal foil may
- A. pass directly through without changing direction
- B. be slightly diverted by attraction to electrons
- C. be reflected by direct contact with nuclei
- D. A and C
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because when alpha particles are beamed at a thin metal foil, some pass directly through due to their small size and high energy (option A), while others are reflected by direct contact with nuclei in the metal foil (option C). This is based on the Rutherford scattering experiment which showed that alpha particles can be deflected by the positive nuclei in the metal foil. Option B is incorrect as alpha particles are not diverted by attraction to electrons in the foil. Option D combines the correct explanations for the behavior of alpha particles when beamed at thin metal foil.
Generally, observed behavior that can be formulated into a statement, sometimesmathematical in nature, is called a(n)
- A. observation
- B. measuremen t
- C. theory
- D. natural law
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: observation. Observations are specific instances of behavior that can be described and formulated into statements, including mathematical ones. Measurements (choice B) involve quantifying observations. Theories (choice C) are broader explanations based on observations. Natural laws (choice D) are general principles derived from consistent observations. In this context, the term "observed behavior" specifically points to the act of witnessing and formulating statements about behavior, making choice A the most suitable option.
If the Thomson model of the atom had been correct, Rutherford would have observed:
- A. Alpha particles going through the foil with little or no deflection.
- B. Alpha particles greatly deflected by the metal foil.
- C. Alpha particles bouncing off the foil.
- D. Positive particles formed in the foil.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Alpha particles greatly deflected by the metal foil. In the Thomson model, the atom was thought to be a uniform, positively charged sphere. If this model had been correct, alpha particles would have passed through the foil with little or no deflection. However, Rutherford observed significant deflections, indicating a concentrated positive charge at the center (nucleus). This aligns with the concept of the Rutherford model of the atom. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not correspond to the experimental observations made by Rutherford.