Nokea
A 1-year-old child develops right eye ptosis, miosis, and loss of sweating; you suspect neuroblastoma. The MOST valuable investigation to confirm the diagnosis is
- A. CT scan of the neck and chest
- B. CT scan of the abdomen
- C. CT scan of the brain
- D. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: CT scan of the neck and chest can help identify a primary neuroblastoma mass in the adrenal gland or sympathetic chain.
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The nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client diagnosed with diabetes insipidus. The nurse should include information about which hormone lacking in clients with diabetes insipidus?
- A. antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
- B. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
- C. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
- D. luteinizing hormone (LH).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clients with diabetes insipidus lack antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin. ADH plays a crucial role in regulating the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys, thus maintaining the body's water balance. In diabetes insipidus, there is a deficiency or decreased response to ADH, leading to excessive urine production and consequent dehydration if not managed properly. Therefore, understanding the role and function of ADH is essential for the nurse to include in the teaching plan for a client diagnosed with diabetes insipidus.
Which is the central factor responsible for respiratory distress syndrome?
- A. Deficient surfactant production
- B. Overproduction of surfactant
- C. Overdeveloped alveoli
- D. Absence of alveoli
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Respiratory distress syndrome is primarily caused by deficient surfactant production in premature infants. Surfactant is a substance that coats the alveoli in the lungs and helps to reduce surface tension, preventing the collapse of the alveoli during exhalation. In premature infants, the lungs may not have produced enough surfactant, leading to difficulty in breathing and inadequate oxygen exchange. This results in respiratory distress syndrome, which is characterized by severe breathing problems in newborns. Overproduction of surfactant, overdeveloped alveoli, or absence of alveoli are not central factors in the development of respiratory distress syndrome.
The difficulty in putting words together, limited vocabulary, or inability to use language in a socially appropriate way is defined as a disorder of
- A. fluency
- B. reception
- C. expression
- D. resonance
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Expression disorders involve difficulties in putting words together or using language appropriately.
Mr. and Mrs. Baker's only daughter is diagnosed with heart failure. Which of the following interventions would be appropriate to promote optimal nutrition for the infant?
- A. Replacing regular nipples with easy-to-suck ones
- B. Allowing the infant to feed for at least 1 hour
- C. Providing large feedings evenly spaced every 4 hours
- D. Offering formula that is high in sodium and calories 47
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Replacing regular nipples with easy-to-suck ones would be appropriate to promote optimal nutrition for the infant with heart failure. Infants with heart failure may have difficulty feeding due to fatigue and respiratory distress. Using easy-to-suck nipples can help the infant conserve energy during feeding and promote adequate intake. This intervention aims to make feeding easier for the infant and improve overall nutrition status.
A client is hospitalized with oat cell carcinoma of the lung. To manage severe pain, the physician prescribes a continuous I.V. infusion of morphine. Which formula should the nurse use to check that the morphine dose is appropriate for the client?
- A. 1 mg/kg of body weight
- B. 5 mg/70kg of body weight
- C. 5 mg/kg of body weight
- D. 10mg/70kg of body weight
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When calculating the appropriate dose of morphine for a client, the nurse should consider the client's body weight. The most commonly used formula for calculating the appropriate dose of morphine is 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg of body weight for hourly dosing or 2.5 to 10 mg/kg/day for continuous infusions.