Nokea
A 10-month-old child can do all the following EXCEPT
- A. says mama or dada
- B. follows one-step command without gesture
- C. points to objects or real first word
- D. speaks inhibition word 'no'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Speaking inhibition words like 'no' typically occurs later.
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Choose the condition that exhibits blood values with a low pH and a high PCO :
- A. Respiratory acidosis
- B. Metabolic acidosis
- C. Respiratory alkalosis
- D. Metaboliâ‚‚c alkalosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Respiratory acidosis is a condition characterized by elevated levels of carbon dioxide (high PCOâ‚‚) and decreased blood pH (low pH) due to inadequate ventilation leading to the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the body. The excess carbon dioxide reacts with water in the blood to form carbonic acid, resulting in a decrease in pH. This is in contrast to metabolic acidosis, which is characterized by an accumulation of acids other than carbon dioxide, leading to a low blood pH. Respiratory alkalosis would present with a low PCOâ‚‚ and high pH, while metabolic alkalosis features a high pH and elevated bicarbonate levels due to non-respiratory causes.
When a patient participates in a research study, the pediatric nurse's primary concern is to ensure that the:
- A. parent or guardian has given verbal consent for the patient's participation.
- B. quality of care that the patient receives will not be affected if the patient chooses to withdraw from the study.
- C. research meets the developmental needs of the patient.
- D. research will directly benefit the patient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ensuring that the quality of care remains unaffected regardless of the patient's participation status is paramount to ethical research practices.
A 2-year-old child presents with a peeling, erythematous rash on the hands and feet. The mother reports that he has become ill tempered and refuses to walk about, preferring to lie in bed. Physical examination reveals an irritable, pale child with photophobia. Temperature is 98.5°F, heart rate is 80/minute, and respiratory rate is 23/minute. Tremor of the tongue is evident. Further history and follow-up evaluation reveal that the child's elder brothers have been playing with liquid mercury. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Measles
- B. Fifth disease
- C. Kawasaki disease
- D. Acrodynia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acrodynia, also known as pink disease, is caused by chronic mercury exposure. The symptoms described, including the rash, irritability, photophobia, and tremor, are consistent with mercury poisoning.
A client with uterine cancer asks the nurse, "Which is the most common type of cancer in women?" The nurse replies that it's breast cancer. Which type of cancer causes the most deaths in women?
- A. Breast cancer
- B. Lung cancer
- C. Brain cancer
- D. Colon and rectal cancer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lung cancer causes the most deaths in women. Despite breast cancer being the most common type of cancer in women, lung cancer is responsible for the highest number of deaths among women due to factors such as smoking, secondhand smoke exposure, and other environmental factors. It is crucial for women to be aware of the risks associated with lung cancer, even if they are non-smokers, and to take steps to reduce their risk factors through lifestyle changes and early detection methods.
During the physical assessment, the nurse recalls that the areas most frequently affected by multiple sclerosis are the:
- A. Lateral, 3rd and 4th ventricles
- B. Pons medulla and cerebral peduncles
- C. Optic nerve and chiasm
- D. Above areas
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease that primarily affects the central nervous system (CNS) by causing inflammation, damage, and scarring in the myelin sheath that covers nerve fibers. The optic nerve and chiasm are common areas affected by MS, leading to symptoms such as blurred or double vision, loss of color vision, and pain with eye movement. This involvement is known as optic neuritis, a common early symptom of MS. While MS can affect various parts of the CNS, the optic nerve and chiasm are among the most frequently involved areas, making choice C the correct answer in this case.