Nokea
A 10-year-old client contracted severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) when traveling abroad with her parents. The nurse knows she must put on personal protective equipment to protect herself while providing care. Based on the mode of SARS transmission, which personal protective should the nurse wear?
- A. Gloves
- B. Gown and gloves
- C. Gown, gloves, and mask
- D. Gown, gloves, mask, and eye goggles or eye shield
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: SARS is transmitted through droplets, so full protective gear, including eye protection, is necessary to prevent infection.
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A 6-month-old presents with tachycardia, tachypnea, and poor feeding for 3 months. Physical examination reveals a continuous machinery murmur and a wide pulse pressure with a prominent apical impulse. The most likely diagnosis is
- A. pulmonic stenosis
- B. aortic stenosis
- C. ventricular septal defect
- D. patent ductus arteriosus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patent ductus arteriosus causes a continuous machinery murmur and wide pulse pressure.
How would the nurse caring for an infant with congestive heart failure (CHF) modify feeding techniques to adapt for the child's weakness and fatigue? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Feeding more frequently with smaller feedings
- B. Using a soft nipple with enlarged holes
- C. Holding and cuddling the child during feeding
- D. Substituting glucose water for formula
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infants with CHF fatigue easily. Feeding can be given more frequently in smaller amounts through a soft, large-holed nipple. Formulas with a denser caloric content can be offered. The child may be encouraged to nurse if he or she is held.
Regarding malaria:
- A. Plasmodium ovale has an exoerythrocytic cycle
- B. Plasmodium malariae does not occur after 5 years of primary illness
- C. Chloroquine is useful for prophylaxis of falciparum malaria in all areas of the world
- D. Primaquine is used to eradicate falciparum malaria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Plasmodium ovale has both an exoerythrocytic (liver) and erythrocytic (blood) cycle, which is a characteristic of this species of malaria parasite.
How long should a 4-year-old child recovering from rheumatic fever need to receive monthly injections of penicillin G?
- A. 1 year
- B. 2 years
- C. 5 years
- D. 10 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Children who recover from rheumatic fever should have a chemoprophylaxis protocol of penicillin G injections (about 200,000 units per dose) for a minimum of 5 years or up to the age of 18 to prevent further bouts of rheumatic fever.
During a routine well child exam on a 5-year-old child, a grade II/VI, harsh, late systolic ejection murmur at the upper left sternal border that transmits to both lung fields is auscultated. The child has normal growth and development. What will the nurse practitioner suspect?
- A. Aortic stenosis (AS)
- B. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
- C. Pulmonic stenosis
- D. Tricuspid atresia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulmonic stenosis may be asymptomatic with a murmur as described above.