Nokea
A 13-month-old child is admitted to the emergency room with salicylate poisoning. Her mother found her beside the empty bottle of adult aspirin. She says there were 'about 10' aspirin left in the bottle. What manifestations would the nurse most expect to see in the child?
- A. Bradypnea and pallor
- B. Hyperventilation and hyperpyrexia
- C. Subnormal temperature and bleeding
- D. Melena and bradycardia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Salicylate poisoning causes metabolic acidosis, leading to hyperventilation, and stimulates the CNS, causing fever (hyperpyrexia).
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An adult client is seen in the clinic, and sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin) is prescribed. Which information is most appropriate for the nurse to include in the teaching?
- A. Limit your fluid intake to four glasses a day.
- B. If it upsets your stomach, try taking it with an antacid.
- C. Avoid going out in the sun while taking this drug.
- D. Take the tablets with orange juice or milk.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sulfisoxazole causes photosensitivity; avoiding sun exposure is critical to prevent skin reactions.
The nurse is caring for a 10 year-old client who will be placed on heparin therapy. Which assessment is critical for the nurse to make before initiating therapy?
- A. Vital signs
- B. Weight
- C. Lung sounds
- D. Skin turgor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weight. Check the client's weight because dosage is calculated on the basis of weight.
The client diagnosed with asthma is prescribed the mast cell inhibitor cromolyn. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching?
- A. I will take two puffs of my inhaler before I exercise.
- B. I will rinse my mouth with water after taking the medication.
- C. After inhaling the medication, I will hold my breath for 10 seconds.
- D. When I start to wheeze, I will use my inhaler immediately.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cromolyn is a prophylactic, not rescue, medication for asthma; using it during wheezing indicates misunderstanding. Pre-exercise use, breath-holding, and rinsing (though less critical) are correct.
When providing discharge teaching to a client with asthma, the nurse will warn against the use of which of the following over-the-counter medications?
- A. Cortisone ointments for skin rashes
- B. Aspirin products for pain relief
- C. Cough medications containing guaifenesin
- D. Histamine blockers for gastric distress
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspirin products for pain relief. Aspirin is known to induce asthma attacks. Aspirin can also cause nasal polyps and rhinitis. Warn individuals with asthma about signs and symptoms resulting from complications due to aspirin ingestion.
A 60-year-old client has been hospitalized for deep vein thrombosis. The client is to be discharged on warfarin (Coumadin) 5 mg PO daily. Which statement that the client makes indicates the best understanding of the medication routine?
- A. I will take aspirin for my arthritis.
- B. I love to eat spinach salads.
- C. I will get a blood test next week.
- D. I made an appointment to have my teeth pulled.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Warfarin requires regular INR monitoring via blood tests to ensure therapeutic anticoagulation levels.