Nokea
A 15-month-old child with the diagnosis of hydrocephalus is scheduled for a computed tomography (CT) scan. What should the nurse include when preparing the toddler for the CT scan?
- A. Shaving the head
- B. Starting the prescribed IV infusion
- C. Administering the prescribed sedative
- D. Giving the child a simple explanation of the procedure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Preparing a toddler for a CT scan involves providing a simple explanation of the procedure to reduce anxiety and help the child understand what will happen. This approach helps establish trust and cooperation, making the experience less frightening for the child. Shaving the head, starting an IV infusion, or administering a sedative are not typically part of the preparation for a CT scan in a toddler and may not be necessary or appropriate in this scenario.
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A child with a fever is prescribed acetaminophen. What should the nurse teach the parents about administering this medication?
- A. Administer the medication with food
- B. Measure the dose with a household spoon
- C. Measure the dose with a proper measuring device
- D. Administer the medication only when the child has a high fever
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is to measure the dose with a proper measuring device. Using a proper measuring device ensures accurate dosing, which is crucial to avoid under or overdosing. Administering the medication with food (Choice A) is not necessary for acetaminophen. Using a household spoon (Choice B) can lead to inaccurate dosing due to variations in spoon sizes. Administering the medication only when the child has a high fever (Choice D) is not appropriate as acetaminophen can be used for fever management regardless of the fever intensity.
The parents of a child who is scheduled for open-heart surgery ask why their child must be subjected to chest tubes after surgery. What should the nurse consider before responding in language the parents will understand?
- A. They will increase tidal volumes.
- B. Drainage of air and fluid will be facilitated.
- C. They will maintain positive intrapleural pressure.
- D. Pressure on the pericardium and chest wall will be regulated.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chest tubes are used to drain air and fluid from the chest cavity to prevent complications such as pneumothorax or cardiac tamponade after surgery. Choice A is incorrect as chest tubes are not used to increase tidal volumes. Choice C is incorrect as chest tubes do not maintain positive intrapleural pressure; instead, they assist in removing excess air or fluid. Choice D is incorrect as chest tubes do not regulate pressure on the pericardium and chest wall; they primarily aid in drainage.
A child has undergone a tonsillectomy, and a nurse is providing postoperative care. What is an important nursing intervention?
- A. Encouraging deep breathing exercises
- B. Encouraging the child to eat
- C. Administering antibiotics
- D. Applying ice to the throat
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Administering antibiotics is a crucial nursing intervention after a tonsillectomy because it helps prevent infections, which are a common postoperative complication. Encouraging deep breathing exercises (Choice A) is also important for promoting lung expansion and preventing respiratory complications. Encouraging the child to eat (Choice B) may not be appropriate immediately after a tonsillectomy due to the risk of throat irritation and discomfort. Applying ice to the throat (Choice D) is generally not recommended post-tonsillectomy as it may cause vasoconstriction and hinder the healing process.
The nurse is assessing an infant and notes that the infant's urine has a mousy or musty odor. What would the nurse suspect?
- A. Maple syrup urine disease
- B. Tyrosinemia
- C. Phenylketonuria
- D. Trimethylaminuria
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Phenylketonuria (PKU). PKU is suggested by a mousy or musty odor of the urine, which is caused by the inability to metabolize phenylalanine. Choice A, Maple syrup urine disease, is characterized by a sweet-smelling urine. Choice B, Tyrosinemia, typically presents with cabbage-like odor in the urine. Choice D, Trimethylaminuria, is associated with a fishy odor in the urine, breath, and sweat.
The parents of a child who has just been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes ask about exercise. What should the nurse explain about exercise in type 1 diabetes?
- A. Exercise will increase blood glucose levels
- B. Exercise should be restricted
- C. Extra snacks are needed before exercise
- D. Extra insulin is required during exercise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In type 1 diabetes, extra snacks are needed before exercise to prevent hypoglycemia. It is important to provide additional carbohydrates to maintain blood glucose levels during physical activity. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Exercise typically lowers blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes; however, proper management and adjustments in insulin and food intake are necessary to prevent hypoglycemia. Exercise should not be restricted in individuals with type 1 diabetes but should be planned in coordination with healthcare providers to ensure safety and optimal glucose control. While some individuals may need adjustments in insulin dosages during exercise, the general statement that extra insulin is required during exercise in type 1 diabetes is not accurate.