Nokea
A 16-month-old child has just been admitted to the hospital. As the nurse assigned to this child enters the hospital room for the first time, the toddler runs to the mother, clings to her, and begins to cry. What would be the initial action by the nurse?
- A. Arrange for a change in client care assignments
- B. Explain that this behavior is expected
- C. Discuss the appropriate use of 'time-out'
- D. Explain that the child is in need of extra attention
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to explain that this behavior is expected. At 16 months of age, children commonly experience separation anxiety, especially in unfamiliar environments like hospitals. It is important for the nurse to reassure the child and the parent that such behavior is normal. Option A is incorrect as there is no need to change client care assignments based on the child's behavior. Option C is not appropriate as discussing the use of 'time-out' is more relevant in behavior management for older children. Option D is incorrect as it does not address the underlying cause of the child's behavior related to separation anxiety.
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Local health boards were established at the provincial, city, and municipal levels. At the municipal level, the chairman of the board is the:
- A. rural health physician
- B. public health nurse
- C. municipal mayor
- D. chairman of the committee on health
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, the municipal mayor. In the local health board structure, the municipal mayor chairs the board at the municipal level, overseeing health-related matters in that specific locality. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while a rural health physician or a public health nurse may be involved in health-related activities, they do not serve as the chairman of the board at the municipal level. Similarly, the chairman of the committee on health may have a role in health matters, but the municipal mayor holds the position of chairman of the local health board at the municipal level.
The nurse is teaching a group of older adults about medication safety. Which of the following should be included in the teaching?
- A. keeping a list of all medications and dosages
- B. sharing medications with family members if they have the same prescription
- C. stopping medications when symptoms improve
- D. doubling up on missed doses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: keeping a list of all medications and dosages. Maintaining a comprehensive list of medications and their dosages is essential for older adults to prevent medication errors and dangerous interactions. Choice B is incorrect because sharing medications, even if family members have the same prescription, can lead to unintended adverse effects or inappropriate dosages. Choice C is incorrect as stopping medications when symptoms improve can be harmful if the full course of treatment is not completed. Choice D is incorrect as doubling up on missed doses can result in overdosing and adverse reactions.
In formulating an objective of a community care plan, she expected results and people taking part in the activities should be clearly defined. This refers to an objective which is:
- A. time-bound
- B. specific
- C. resource-oriented
- D. measurable
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'specific.' In formulating a community care plan, defining expected results and participant roles require objectives to be specific to provide clear guidance and outcomes. 'Time-bound' refers to setting deadlines, 'resource-oriented' focuses on utilizing available resources efficiently, and 'measurable' indicates the ability to quantify progress, but these aspects do not necessarily address the need for clarity and definition in defining expected results and participant roles.
The healthcare provider is screening children at a local community health clinic for infectious diseases. Which child is at the highest risk for hepatitis B virus?
- A. a newborn
- B. a 3-year-old
- C. a 7-year-old
- D. an 11-year-old
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Newborns are at the highest risk for hepatitis B virus due to potential transmission from the mother. The hepatitis B virus can be transmitted from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth. Children born to mothers infected with hepatitis B are at the highest risk of acquiring the infection. Choices B, C, and D are at lower risk compared to a newborn as they are less likely to have been exposed to the virus during childbirth.
Who was the first Filipino nurse supervisor appointed in the Bureau of Health in 1919?
- A. Ms. Carmen del Rosario
- B. Mrs. Genara de Guzman
- C. Mrs. Annie Sand
- D. Mrs. Anastacio Giron-Tupas
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is Mrs. Anastacio Giron-Tupas, who was the first Filipino nurse supervisor appointed in the Bureau of Health in 1919. Ms. Carmen del Rosario, Mrs. Genara de Guzman, and Mrs. Annie Sand were not the first Filipino nurse supervisors appointed to this position. Therefore, they are incorrect choices.