Nokea
A 16-year-old female patient experiences alopecia resulting from chemotherapy, prompting the nursing diagnoses of disturbed body image and situational low self-esteem. What action by the patient would best indicate that she is meeting the goal of improved body image and self-esteem?
- A. The patient requests that her family bring her makeup and wig
- B. The patient begins to discuss the future with her family
- C. The patient reports less disruption from pain and discomfort
- D. The patient cries openly when discussing her disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alopecia guts self-image, especially at 16 requesting makeup and a wig shows she's fighting back, reclaiming her look and confidence. It's active, not passive, unlike future talks (hopeful but vague), less pain (physical, not emotional), or crying (raw but not progress). Nurses in oncology cheer this, knowing it signals resilience against chemo's brutal psychosocial hit, a win for body image goals.
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Which of the following is not associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
- A. Diabetes mellitus
- B. Lung cancer
- C. Pre-diabetes mellitus
- D. Hyperuricemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: NAFLD diabetes, pre-sugar, uric, colon tie; lung cancer's out. Nurses link this chronic fat net.
The nurse is providing preoperative care for a 7-year-old patient with a brain tumor. Which of the following is the priority intervention?
- A. Assessing the child's level of consciousness
- B. Providing a tour of the intensive care unit for the child and parents
- C. Educating the child and parents about shunts
- D. Having the child talk to another child who has had this surgery
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For a child with a brain tumor preoperatively, assessing level of consciousness (LOC) is the priority, as it monitors for increased intracranial pressure (ICP) from tumor mass effect vital signs like alertness or confusion shift rapidly and signal deterioration needing immediate action. No baseline data exists here, making LOC the first step in the nursing process to guide care. An ICU tour reduces anxiety but delays critical assessment. Shunt education applies post-diagnosis of hydrocephalus, not universally pre-op, and lacks urgency without LOC context. Peer support is psychosocial, not physiological, and secondary. LOC assessment aligns with ABCs (circulation includes cerebral perfusion), ensuring the nurse detects neurological decline early, a cornerstone of pediatric neuro-oncology care before surgery.
To which extent is gangrene caused by macrovascular disease more common in patients with diabetes than in patients without diabetes?
- A. 2x more common
- B. 10x more common
- C. 20x more common
- D. 100x more common
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes amps gangrene 10x via vessel rot, not mild or wild jumps. Nurses dread this, a chronic limb thief.
The public health nurse is presenting a health-promotion class to a group at a local community center. Which intervention most directly addresses the leading cause of cancer deaths in North America?
- A. Monthly self-breast exams
- B. Smoking cessation
- C. Annual colonoscopies
- D. Monthly testicular exams
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lung cancer tops the list of cancer deaths in North America for both men and women, as noted in the feedback, with over 570,000 deaths projected in 2011 alone. Smoking is the primary risk factor for lung cancer, making cessation the most direct intervention to tackle this killer. Self-breast and testicular exams target breast and testicular cancers, respectively, which rank lower in mortality (breast is second for women, prostate second for men). Colonoscopies address colorectal cancer, third in frequency, but lung cancer's dominance ties directly to smoking's prevalence. By pushing cessation, nurses hit the root cause head-on, reducing exposure to carcinogens like tar and nicotine that drive malignant transformation in lung tissue. This aligns with primary prevention, cutting incidence before it starts, unlike screening which catches disease later.
A 50 year old man has a BP of 160/100 mmHg despite being on 10 mg Lisinopril om. Which of the following is not a good choice?
- A. Diuretic
- B. Calcium channel blocker
- C. Bisoprolol
- D. Losartan
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: BP 160/100 diuretic, calcium, beta, upping lisinopril stack; losartan doubles ACE, risks crash. Nurses dodge this chronic overlap.