HESI Practice Test Pediatrics

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A 16-year-old female student with a history of asthma controlled with both an oral antihistamine and an albuterol (ProAir) metered-dose inhaler (MDI) comes to the school nurse. The student complains that she cannot sleep at night, feels shaky, and her heart feels like it is 'beating a mile a minute.' Which information is most important for the nurse to obtain?

  • A. When she last took the antihistamine.
  • B. When her last asthma attack occurred.
  • C. Duration of most asthma attacks.
  • D. How often the MDI is used daily.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most crucial information for the nurse to obtain in this scenario is how often the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is used daily. This information will help assess if the symptoms of insomnia, shakiness, and palpitations are potentially related to overuse of the inhaler, which can cause side effects such as tremors and palpitations. Monitoring the frequency of MDI usage is essential in managing asthma and ensuring appropriate medication administration.

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The healthcare provider is preparing to suture a 10-year-old child with a lacerated forehead. Both parents and a 12-year-old sibling are present at the child's bedside. Which instruction best supports family involvement?

  • A. While waiting for the healthcare provider, only one visitor may stay with the child.
  • B. All of you should leave while the healthcare provider sutures the child's forehead.
  • C. It is best if the sibling goes to the waiting room until the suturing is completed.
  • D. Please decide who will stay when the healthcare provider begins suturing.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

The nurse is caring for a 15-year-old adolescent who is admitted with a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa. The adolescent's vital signs are stable, but the nurse notes that the client has dry skin and appears thin. What is the nurse's priority action?

  • A. Initiate a structured eating plan for the client
  • B. Establish a therapeutic relationship with the client
  • C. Monitor the client's electrolyte levels
  • D. Provide education on healthy eating habits
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

The nurse is caring for a 10-year-old child who is scheduled for surgery to repair a fractured femur. The child's parent expresses concern about the child being afraid of the surgery. What is the nurse's best response?

  • A. Children at this age are usually not afraid of surgery
  • B. It's normal for your child to feel scared. Let's talk about what to expect
  • C. You should talk to the surgeon about your child's fear
  • D. Don't worry, your child will be fine
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

A 7-year-old child with sickle cell anemia presents to the emergency department with severe pain in the arms and legs. What is the nurse's priority action?

  • A. Administer prescribed pain medication
  • B. Apply warm compresses to the affected areas
  • C. Encourage the child to drink fluids
  • D. Monitor the child's oxygen saturation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a sickle cell crisis, pain management is a priority due to the severe pain experienced by the child. Administering prescribed pain medication is crucial to alleviate the pain and provide comfort to the child. Once pain is controlled, other comfort measures like applying warm compresses and encouraging fluid intake can be implemented. Monitoring oxygen saturation is important but not the priority action when dealing with severe pain in a sickle cell crisis.

The nurse is caring for a 14-year-old adolescent who was admitted to the hospital after a suicide attempt. The adolescent's mood appears stable, and the healthcare provider has recommended discharge. What is the nurse's priority action?

  • A. Ensure that a safety plan is in place before discharge
  • B. Provide education about medication adherence
  • C. Encourage the adolescent to participate in group therapy
  • D. Schedule a follow-up appointment with a mental health professional
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The priority action for the nurse is to ensure that a safety plan is in place before discharge. A safety plan is essential to assist the adolescent in managing future crises and decreasing the likelihood of another suicide attempt. It provides guidance on coping strategies and resources to help the adolescent stay safe in times of distress.

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