Nokea
A 16-year-old field hockey player fell and twisted her ankle during a game. The nurse will expect to administer which type of analgesic?
- A. Synthetic opioid, such as meperidine
- B. Opium alkaloid, such as morphine sulfate
- C. Opioid antagonist, such as naloxone HCL
- D. Nonopioid analgesics, such as indomethacin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Somatic pain, which originates from skeletal muscles, ligaments, and joints, usually responds to nonopioid analgesics such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The other options are not the best choices for somatic pain.
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A patient is receiving gabapentin (Neurontin), an anticonvulsant, but has no history of seizures. The nurse expects that the patient is receiving this drug for which condition?
- A. Inflammation pain
- B. Pain associated with peripheral neuropathy
- C. Depression associated with chronic pain
- D. Prevention of seizures
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Anticonvulsants are often used as adjuvants for treatment of neuropathic pain to enhance analgesic efficacy. The other indications listed are not correct.
A patient was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer last month, and has complained of a dull ache in the abdomen for the past 4 months. This pain has been gradually increasing, and the pain relievers taken at home are no longer effective. What type of pain is the patient experiencing?
- A. Acute pain
- B. Chronic pain
- C. Somatic pain
- D. Neuropathic pain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic pain is associated with cancer and is characterized by slow onset, long duration, and dull, persistent aching. The patient's symptoms are not characteristics of acute pain, somatic pain, or neuropathic pain.
The nurse is assessing a patient for contraindications to drug therapy with acetaminophen (Tylenol). Which patient should not receive acetaminophen?
- A. A patient with a fever of 101?°F (38.3?°C)
- B. A patient who is complaining of a mild headache
- C. A patient with a history of liver disease
- D. A patient with a history of peptic ulcer disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Liver disease is a contraindication to the use of acetaminophen. Fever and mild headache are both possible indications for the medication. Having a history of peptic ulcer disease is not a contraindication.
A patient is to receive methadone 2.5 mg intramuscularly (IM) now. The medication is available in a concentration of 10 mg/mL. Identify how many milliliters of methadone will be drawn up for this dose.
Correct Answer: 0.25 mL
Rationale: 10 mg : 1 mL :: 2.5 mg : x mL; (10 * x) = (1 * 2.5); 10x = 2.5; x = 0.25 mL.
The opioid Vicodin (acetaminophen/hydrocodone) is prescribed for a patient who has had surgery. The nurse informs the patient that which common adverse effects can occur with this medication?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Constipation
- C. Lightheadedness
- D. Nervousness
- E. Urinary retention
- F. Itching
Correct Answer: B,C,E,F
Rationale: Constipation (not diarrhea), lightheadedness (not nervousness), urinary retention, and itching are some of the common adverse effects that the patient may experience while taking opioids such as Vicodin.