Nokea
A 17-year-old boy is admitted in sickle cell crisis. Which of the ff. events most likely contributed to the onset of the crisis?
- A. He started a new job last week.
- B. He had seafood for dinner last night.
- C. He walked home in a cold rain
- D. He has not exercised for a week. yesterday.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: He walked home in a cold rain. Walking in cold rain can lead to vasoconstriction, which impairs blood flow, increasing the likelihood of a sickle cell crisis in individuals with sickle cell disease. This can cause red blood cells to sickle and block blood vessels, leading to pain and tissue damage. Choices A, B, and D do not directly affect the physiology of sickle cell disease and are less likely to trigger a crisis.
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The physician prescribes didanosone (ddl [Videx]), 200mg PO every 12 hours, for a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who is intolerant to zidovudine (azidothymidine ,AZT [Retrovir]). Which condition in the client’s history warrants cautious of this drug?
- A. Peripheral neuropathy
- B. Hypertension
- C. Diabetes mellitus
- D. Asthma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Peripheral neuropathy. Didanosine (ddl) can cause peripheral neuropathy as a side effect, which can exacerbate existing neuropathy. The client's history of peripheral neuropathy warrants caution with this drug to prevent further nerve damage.
Incorrect choices:
B: Hypertension - Didanosine is not contraindicated in hypertension.
C: Diabetes mellitus - While monitoring blood sugar levels is important, didanosine does not directly affect diabetes.
D: Asthma - Didanosine does not have a significant impact on asthma.
In summary, the client's pre-existing peripheral neuropathy makes it important to exercise caution with didanosine to avoid worsening this condition.
Which food is recommended for the patient who must increase intake of potassium?
- A. Bread
- B. Potato
- C. Egg
- D. Cereal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Potato. Potatoes are high in potassium, which is essential for various bodily functions. Potatoes can help increase potassium intake in patients who require it. Bread, eggs, and cereal are not as rich in potassium as potatoes. Increasing intake of these foods won't provide the necessary boost in potassium levels needed for the patient.
A nurse is preparing an IM injection of prednisolone acetate, 30 mg. It is supplied as 50 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse prepare?
- A. 0.5 mL
- B. 0.7 mL
- C. 0.6 mL
- D. 0.8 mL
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To calculate the mL needed for the injection, divide the prescribed dose by the concentration of the medication. In this case, 30 mg ÷ 50 mg/mL = 0.6 mL. However, since the nurse should round up to ensure the full dose is administered, the correct answer is 0.7 mL. Choice A is incorrect as it is rounded down. Choice C is incorrect as it is the exact division without rounding up. Choice D is incorrect as it is rounded up too much.
A male client age 78, complaints of dizziness, especially when he stands up after sleeping or sitting. The client also informs the nurse that he periodically experiences nosebleeds and blurred vision. Which of the ff conditions should the nurse assess for the client?
- A. Postural hypotension
- B. Postural Hypertension
- C. White coat hypertension
- D. White coat hypotension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Postural hypotension. This condition is characterized by a drop in blood pressure upon standing, leading to dizziness. The client's symptoms of dizziness upon standing, along with nosebleeds and blurred vision, are indicative of low blood pressure. Postural hypertension (B) is not a recognized medical condition; White coat hypertension (C) refers to elevated blood pressure readings in a medical setting due to anxiety; White coat hypotension (D) is not a recognized medical condition.
Which method of data collection will the nurse use to establish a patient’s database?
- A. Reviewing the current literature to determine evidence-based nursing actions
- B. Checking orders for diagnostic and laboratory tests
- C. Performing a physical examination
- D. Ordering medications
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because performing a physical examination is the method nurses use to establish a patient's database. This involves directly assessing the patient's physical condition, gathering data on their health status, and identifying any abnormalities or concerns. Reviewing literature (A) is important but not a direct method of collecting patient data. Checking orders for tests (B) is part of data collection but not the initial step. Ordering medications (D) is a treatment action, not data collection.