Population Based Health Care

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A 17-year-old client is admitted to the ED after being alternately hyperalert and difficult to arouse. His symptoms all started within the last few hours, during which time he became disoriented and confused. His behavior was agitated and restless, and his memory was impaired, especially for recent events. The client displayed some delusions and misinterpretations of his surroundings. The nurse knows she needs to assess the client further for:

  • A. Dementia
  • B. Depression
  • C. Delirium
  • D. Amnesia
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Delirium. Delirium is characterized by acute and fluctuating changes in cognition, attention, and awareness. The client's sudden onset of symptoms, including disorientation, confusion, agitation, restlessness, impaired memory, delusions, and misinterpretations of surroundings, align with the hallmark features of delirium. The nurse needs to further assess the client for delirium to determine the underlying cause and provide appropriate interventions promptly.

Incorrect choices:
A: Dementia - Dementia is a chronic, progressive condition characterized by gradual cognitive decline. The client's acute onset of symptoms is not consistent with dementia.
B: Depression - Depression typically presents with persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest, which are different from the acute and fluctuating cognitive changes seen in delirium.
D: Amnesia - Amnesia refers to memory loss, which is only one aspect of the client's presentation. Delirium involves a broader range of cognitive

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The nurse performs a functional assessment of a client upon admission to a home health agency. The purpose of this assessment is to determine the client's:

  • A. Level of consciousness.
  • B. Ability to perform activities of daily living.
  • C. Degree of reasoning, judgment, and thought processes.
  • D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Functional assessment evaluates client's ability to perform ADLs.
2. Assessing ADLs helps determine client's independence level.
3. Independence in ADLs impacts care planning and interventions.
4. Level of consciousness (A) is related to neurological status, not functional ability.
5. Reasoning, judgment (C) are cognitive functions, not directly related to ADLs.
6. "None of the above" (D) excludes the correct purpose of functional assessment.

An older adult patient was diagnosed with schizophrenia at age 18. A nurse at the outpatient medication clinic interviews this patient. Which communication strategy will be most helpful?

  • A. Ask questions that can be answered with yes or no.
  • B. Ask clear, simple questions using concrete language.
  • C. Use silence often and let the patient take the lead.
  • D. Use open-ended, indirect questions.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Communication with individuals who have schizophrenia might be difficult because of their various thought disorders. The nurse can be most effective by using simple language, keeping to concrete concepts, and clarifying and validating as needed (B). Yes/no questions (A) limit information, silence (C) may not engage, and open-ended questions (D) may confuse.

Which of the following is a common physical sign of anorexia nervosa?

  • A. Hypoglycemia and tachycardia.
  • B. Severe weight loss and dry skin.
  • C. Increased appetite and excessive weight gain.
  • D. High blood pressure and rapid heart rate.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Severe weight loss and dry skin. In anorexia nervosa, individuals typically experience significant weight loss due to severe restriction of food intake. This leads to a low body weight, which is a key physical sign of the disorder. Dry skin is also common in anorexia nervosa due to malnutrition.

Rationale:
A: Hypoglycemia and tachycardia are not specific physical signs of anorexia nervosa. While tachycardia (rapid heart rate) can occur due to the stress on the body, it is not as specific as severe weight loss.
C: Increased appetite and excessive weight gain are not characteristic of anorexia nervosa, as individuals with this disorder typically have a distorted body image and fear gaining weight.
D: High blood pressure and rapid heart rate are not typical physical signs of anorexia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is more commonly associated with low blood pressure due to mal

Which of the following is classified as a mood disorder?

  • A. bipolar disorder
  • B. multiple personality disorder
  • C. delusional disorder
  • D. dissociative disorder
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Bipolar disorder, with its mood swings, is a classic mood disorder.

Health Services for disabilities in children and youth:

  • A. Are provided by HPB and the Child Development Programmes only
  • B. Are inclusive and equitable
  • C. Are well-integrated with social services
  • D. Ought to include caregiver support and be familycentred
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Health services should be family-centered and include caregiver support, reflecting best practices in disability care.

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