Nokea
A 17-year-old client is having protected sex one to two times a week in a monogamous relationship. What is the client participating in?
- A. Health promotion
- B. Health maintenance
- C. Illness prevention
- D. Wellness
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Protecting one's current level of health by practicing safe sex to prevent illness is an example of a health maintenance activity. Health promotion strategies are used to enhance health, such as eating a diet high in fiber. Illness prevention includes identifying risk factors such as hypertension. Wellness is the balance of total well-being.
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The Healthy People 2030 initiative targets the improvement of health for all. In addition to eliminating health disparities, what are the broad goals of this plan?
- A. Increasing technological innovations
- B. Preventing treatable problems
- C. Applying a systematic approach to health improvement
- D. Increasing the quality and length of a healthy life
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Two broad goals of the Healthy People 2030 initiative are to increase quality and years of healthy life and eliminate health disparities. Healthy People 2030 initiatives will help with treatable problems but will not prevent problems. The initiative does not apply a systematic approach to health improvement or increase technological innovations.
A nurse has applied for a position in the hospital emergency department and is told that the facility only hires RNs and unlicensed assistive personnel (UAPs) in the emergency department. What concern does the nurse have with the practice of hiring UAPs in place of LPNs?
- A. LPNs will be phased out of the healthcare field altogether when more UAPs are hired.
- B. UAPs are performing some of the duties that practical nurses typically provide and may jeopardize the quality of care.
- C. UAPs will replace nurses because they deliver a better quality of care.
- D. State boards of nursing will begin to credential UAPs.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Changes in the healthcare industry have also affected employment for healthcare workers. Hospitals employ UAPs to perform some duties that practical and registered nurses once provided. Many are concerned that the use of UAPs will jeopardize the quality of care. There is no evidence to indicate that LPNs will be phased out of the healthcare system or that UAPs will replace nurses. State boards of nursing cannot credential an unlicensed person that does not go through a formal education program.
The nurse is assisting with the development of a program to administer flu shots to a group of senior citizens. What type of prevention does this program reflect?
- A. Primary prevention
- B. Secondary prevention
- C. Tertiary prevention
- D. Prevalence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary prevention is prevention of the development of disease in a susceptible or potentially susceptible population and includes health promotion and immunization. Secondary prevention is the early diagnosis and treatment to shorten duration and severity of an illness, reduce contagion, and limit complications. Tertiary prevention is healthcare to limit the degree of disability or promote rehabilitation in chronic, irreversible diseases. Prevalence is the number of cases of a disease in a specific population during a specific period.
An HMO client obtained a second opinion regarding a diagnosis of colon cancer. There was no authorization obtained for this second opinion from the client or primary care provider. What is the consequence of this action?
- A. The client will be responsible for the entire bill for the second opinion.
- B. The client will still receive full coverage.
- C. The client will be dropped from the HMO for breaking the rules.
- D. The client will be fined by the HMO for not using the authorization process.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Members of an HMO must receive authorization for secondary care, such as second opinions from specialists or diagnostic testing. If members obtain unauthorized care, they are responsible for the entire bill. In this way, HMOs serve as gatekeepers for healthcare services. The member will not be fined or dropped from the program but will not receive coverage for the service rendered from the second opinion.
A client comes to the clinic and reports being ill for several weeks but does not have insurance and has delayed care. What does the nurse understand about the overall healthcare reform goals that will address issues such as this client?
- A. The goal of healthcare reform is to provide care to women, infants, and children.
- B. The goal of healthcare reform is to provide more healthcare programs to address illness.
- C. The goal of healthcare reform is to provide quality healthcare for those that can afford it.
- D. The goal of healthcare reform is to provide affordable healthcare to more citizens.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The overall goal of healthcare reform is to provide affordable healthcare to more U.S. citizens. Other goals are to reduce the insurance companies' control of healthcare and to provide more assistance to senior citizens on fixed incomes. Providing care to women, infants and children and offering more healthcare programs to address illness may be results of healthcare reform but are not themselves the overall goal. Healthcare reform seeks to provide quality healthcare that is affordable to as many U.S. citizens as possible, not to only provide it to those who can already afford it.