Nokea
A 2-month-old premature infant born at 30 weeks gestation is scheduled for an inguinal hernia repair. Which of the following preoperative findings would BEST predict an increased risk of postoperative apnea?
- A. Hemoglobin 7 gm/dL
- B. Glucose 61 mg/dL
- C. Room air SpO2 92%
- D. N/A
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Low hemoglobin levels in a premature infant can increase the risk of postoperative apnea due to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity.
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Which of the following settings is most therapeutic for an agitated head-injured patient?
- A. A day room with family visitors and variety of caregivers
- B. A semiprivate room with one or two consistent caregivers
- C. A ward with other head-injured patients and volunteers to assist with needs
- D. A hallway near the nurse's station with adequate sensory stimulation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For an agitated head-injured patient, the most therapeutic setting would be a semiprivate room with one or two consistent caregivers. Consistency and familiarity can help reduce agitation and promote a sense of security for the patient. A quieter environment with fewer stimuli can also help in managing agitation and promoting a sense of calmness. By having consistent caregivers, the patient can build trust and feel more comfortable, which can contribute to their overall well-being and recovery. It is essential to minimize external factors that could contribute to further agitation, making a semiprivate room with consistent caregivers the most optimal setting for an agitated head-injured patient.
A child is to receive a blood transfusion, if an allergic reaction to the blood occurs, the nurse's first intervention should be:
- A. Relieved the symptoms with an ordered
- B. Slow the flow rate antihistamines
- C. Stop the blood immediately
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the scenario of a child experiencing an allergic reaction during a blood transfusion, the nurse's first intervention should always be to stop the blood immediately. This is crucial to prevent further complications and adverse reactions in the child. Pausing the transfusion allows for assessment of the allergic reaction's severity, immediate treatment initiation, and alerting the healthcare team for further management. Relieving symptoms with antihistamines or slowing the flow rate would not address the primary concern of stopping the allergen from entering the child's system. Therefore, stopping the blood immediately is the most appropriate and urgent action to take in this situation.
Assume you are going to estimate the prevalence of amoebic dysentery in a small country which harbors a total number of population of 530,000; you find that 57,000 of the population are infected by the disease. The prevalence of this disease is closest to
- A. 5.33%
- B. 7.45%
- C. 10.75%
- D. 20.22%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prevalence = (Number of infected / Total population) * 100 = (57,000 / 530,000) * 100 ≈ 10.75%.
While bathing an 82 y.o. man hospitalized with pneumonia, a nurse notes an ulcerated area on his penis. What action should the nurse take first?
- A. Report the ulcer to the admitting care provider.
- B. Teach the man about STD prevention.
- C. Ask the man if he has a history of syphilis.
- D. Clean the ulcer; reporting is not necessary because an STD is unlikely in a man this age.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should report the ulcer to the admitting care provider as the first action. An ulcerated area on the penis in an older adult may be indicative of various serious conditions, such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or skin breakdown. It is important for the healthcare provider to assess the ulcer, determine the cause, and initiate appropriate treatment. Reporting the finding promptly ensures timely intervention and appropriate management of the patient's condition. This initial action takes priority over teaching about STD prevention or inquiring about the patient's history of syphilis. Cleaning the ulcer without proper assessment and diagnosis by a healthcare provider can potentially worsen the patient's condition.
is type of hydrocephalus which there no obstructive to pass CSF but malformation of arachnoid villi :
- A. non communicating hydrocephalus
- B. communicating hydrocephalus
- C. obstructive hydrocephalus
- D. non of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Communicating hydrocephalus is a type of hydrocephalus where there is no obstruction to the passage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but rather a malfunction or malformation of the arachnoid villi, which are responsible for the reabsorption of CSF. In communicating hydrocephalus, the flow of CSF within the ventricular system is disrupted, leading to an accumulation of fluid and resulting in increased intracranial pressure.