Pediatric HESI Practice Questions

Pediatric HESI Practice Questions Related

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A 2-year-old child who was admitted to the hospital for further surgical repair of a clubfoot is standing in the crib, crying. The child refuses to be comforted and calls for the mother. As the nurse approaches the crib to provide morning care, the child screams louder. Knowing that this behavior is typical of the stage of protest, what is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

  • A. Use comforting measures while holding the child.
  • B. Fill the basin with water and proceed to bathe the child.
  • C. Sit by the crib and bathe the child later when the anxiety decreases.
  • D. Postpone the bath for a day because a child this upset should not be traumatized further.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: During the stage of protest, children may exhibit distress and cling to familiar figures, resisting interactions with others. The most appropriate nursing intervention is to sit by the crib, offer comfort, and wait until the child's anxiety decreases before proceeding with bathing. This approach allows the child to feel supported and gradually transition to accepting care. Choice A is incorrect because forcing comfort may escalate the child's distress. Choice B is inappropriate as it disregards the child's emotional state and rushes into the bathing procedure. Choice D is not ideal as it suggests delaying care for an extended period, which may not address the child's immediate needs for comfort and hygiene.

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The parents of a newborn with phenylketonuria (PKU) need help and support in adhering to specific dietary restrictions. They ask the nurse, "How long will our child have to be on this diet?" How should the nurse respond?

  • A. "We are still not sure; you should discuss this with your health care provider."
  • B. "If your baby does well, foods containing protein can gradually be introduced."
  • C. "Your child needs to be on this diet at least through adolescence and into adulthood."
  • D. "This is a lifelong problem, and it is recommended that dietary restrictions must be continued."
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: "This is a lifelong problem, and it is recommended that dietary restrictions must be continued." PKU requires a lifelong adherence to a specific diet low in phenylalanine to prevent cognitive and developmental issues. Phenylalanine buildup can lead to irreversible damage, making it crucial for individuals with PKU to maintain dietary restrictions throughout their lives. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not address the lifelong nature of dietary restrictions necessary for PKU management.

The nurse is teaching a group of parents about the side effects of immunization vaccines. Which sign should the nurse include when discussing an infant receiving the Haemophilus influenzae (Hib) vaccine?

  • A. Lethargy
  • B. Urticaria
  • C. Generalized rash
  • D. Low-grade fever
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D. Low-grade fever.' A low-grade fever is a common and mild side effect of the Hib vaccine, indicating that the immune system is responding to the immunization. Lethargy (choice A) can be a sign of more serious adverse effects and should be monitored closely but is not typically associated with the Hib vaccine. Urticaria (choice B) and generalized rash (choice C) are less common side effects of the Hib vaccine compared to low-grade fever.

A healthcare professional is preparing a presentation for a parent group about musculoskeletal injuries. When describing a child's risk for this type of injury, the professional integrates knowledge that bone growth occurs primarily in which area?

  • A. Growth plate.
  • B. Epiphysis.
  • C. Physis.
  • D. Metaphysis.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Bone growth primarily occurs in the epiphysis, which is the area where growth plates are located. The epiphysis is responsible for longitudinal bone growth. The growth plate, also known as the physis, is the cartilaginous region in the metaphysis where bone growth occurs. The metaphysis is the area between the epiphysis and diaphysis where bone lengthening occurs, but it is not the primary site of bone growth. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect.

Which is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for a child with acute glomerulonephritis?

  • A. Risk for injury related to malignant process and treatment
  • B. Fluid volume deficit related to excessive losses
  • C. Fluid volume excess related to decreased plasma filtration
  • D. Fluid volume excess related to fluid accumulation in tissues and third spaces
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for a child with acute glomerulonephritis is 'Fluid volume excess related to decreased plasma filtration.' Acute glomerulonephritis is characterized by inflammation in the glomeruli, leading to decreased plasma filtration and retention of fluid. This results in fluid volume excess rather than deficit, making choice C the correct answer. Choice A is incorrect because acute glomerulonephritis is not primarily associated with a malignant process. Choice B is incorrect as the condition typically presents with fluid volume excess rather than deficit. Choice D is also incorrect as fluid accumulation in tissues and third spaces is not a typical manifestation of acute glomerulonephritis.

When teaching an adolescent with type 1 diabetes about dietary management, what should the nurse include?

  • A. Eating meals at home is recommended.
  • B. Food portions should be measured using a gram scale.
  • C. Ensure a ready source of glucose is available.
  • D. No specific foods need to be cooked for the adolescent.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When teaching an adolescent with type 1 diabetes about dietary management, it is crucial to ensure a ready source of glucose is available. In cases of hypoglycemia, having a quick source of glucose can help raise blood sugar levels rapidly. Option A is not the most critical aspect of dietary management for an adolescent with type 1 diabetes. While it is generally recommended to eat meals at home for better control over food choices, the availability of a ready glucose source takes precedence. Option B, weighing foods on a gram scale, may not be practical for every meal and could be burdensome. Option D, cooking specific foods for the adolescent, is not necessary as the focus should be on the overall dietary plan rather than individualized meals.

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