Nokea
A 2 years old girl presents with blue discoloration of nails and lips. On examination she is cyanosed and clubbed, heart auscultation reveals a short systolic murmur at left upper sternal border. The most likely diagnosis is?
- A. VSD
- B. Tetralogy of Fallot
- C. Tricuspid atresia
- D. Trunchus arteriosus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot typically causes cyanosis, clubbing, and a systolic murmur due to right-to-left shunting.
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The developmental age of a child who continues to search for a hidden subject has achieved
- A. 7 months
- B. 9 months
- C. 11 months
- D. 13 months
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Object permanence is typically achieved around 9 months.
A nurse is performing an otoscopic exam on a school-age child. Which direction should the nurse pull the pinna for this age of child?
- A. Up and back
- B. Down and back
- C. Straight back
- D. Straight up
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When performing an otoscopic exam on a school-age child, the nurse should pull the pinna (outer ear) of the child in an upward and backward direction. This technique helps to straighten the ear canal, allowing for better visualization and easier insertion of the otoscope to examine the ear canal and eardrum. Pulling the pinna in the wrong direction could potentially cause discomfort to the child or obstruct the view of the ear canal. Therefore, pulling the pinna up and back is the correct direction for this age group.
Which of the following is one of the discharge criteria from ambulatory surgery for patients following surgery?
- A. Able to drive self home
- B. IV narcotics given less than 30 minutes
- C. Has home telephone before discharge
- D. Understands discharge instructions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Understanding discharge instructions is one of the key criteria for discharging patients following surgery in an ambulatory setting. It ensures that the patient comprehends how to care for themselves post-surgery and reduces the risk of complications or the need for readmission. While the other options may also be important factors, having a clear understanding of discharge instructions is crucial for the patient's recovery and overall well-being.
Poor prognostic factors in Hodgkin lymphoma include all the following EXCEPT
- A. age of more than 15 year at the time of diagnosis
- B. stage IV disease
- C. manifested by positron emission tomography (PET) scan positivity
- D. presence of bulky mediastinal mass
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Older age is generally considered a poor prognostic factor, but not necessarily worse than other listed options.
What is the risk of not treating congenital hypothyroidism within the first 3 months following birth?
- A. To ensure normal growth
- B. To prevent cognitive impairment
- C. To prevent mental retardation
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Congenital hypothyroidism is a condition where a newborn baby is born with an underactive thyroid gland. If left untreated within the first 3 months following birth, it can lead to serious consequences such as stunted growth, cognitive impairment, and mental retardation.