Pediatric Research Questions

Pediatric Research Questions Related

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A 25-year old with hepatitis may be anicteric and symptomless. In the early part of the hepatic inflammatory disorder, the most likely symptom/sign is:

  • A. dark urine
  • B. occult blood in stools
  • C. ascites
  • D. anorexia
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the early part of the hepatic inflammatory disorder, the most likely symptom/sign is anorexia. Anorexia refers to a decreased appetite or lack of interest in food, which is commonly seen in patients with liver diseases such as hepatitis. Anorexia in the setting of liver inflammation indicates a disruption in the normal metabolic processes of the liver. This symptom is often accompanied by general malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. Dark urine (choice A) may occur later in the disease progression due to the buildup of bilirubin in the blood. Occult blood in stools (choice B) may be a sign of gastrointestinal bleeding, which can be a complication of advanced liver disease but is not typically an early symptom. Ascites (choice C) is the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity and is usually a late sign of liver dysfunction.

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The nurse caring for an adult client. The nurse will need to monitor for which of the following metabolic complications?

  • A. hypoglycemia and hypercalcemia
  • B. hyperglycemia and hyperkalemia
  • C. hyperglycemia and Hypokalemia
  • D. hyperkalemia and hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Monitoring for hyperglycemia and hypokalemia is crucial when caring for an adult client, especially if the client has a history of diabetes or other conditions that can affect glucose and potassium levels.

A client is being treated for acute pyelonephritis and will undergo laboratory tests. These tests are expected to help determine the clients BUN, creatinine, and serum electrolyte levels. Why should the nurse evaluate these test results?

  • A. To determine the severity of the disorder
  • B. To identify signs of fluid retention
  • C. To determine the location of discomfort
  • D. To determine clients response to therapy
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Evaluating the client's BUN, creatinine, and serum electrolyte levels when being treated for acute pyelonephritis is crucial in determining the severity of the disorder. BUN and creatinine levels are indicators of renal function, where elevated levels may suggest impaired kidney function due to inflammation in the kidneys from pyelonephritis. Abnormal electrolyte levels, such as potassium and sodium, may also reflect the impact of the infection on renal function. Therefore, monitoring these test results helps healthcare providers assess how well the kidneys are functioning and the severity of the pyelonephritis to guide appropriate treatment decisions.

A patient is being given Digoxin to treat heart failure. Which of the ff. is a usual adult daily dosage of digoxin (Lanoxin)?

  • A. 0.005 mg
  • B. 0.025 mg
  • C. 0.25 mg
  • D. 2.5 mg
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The usual adult daily dosage of digoxin (Lanoxin) for the treatment of heart failure typically ranges from 0.125 mg to 0.25 mg. The maintenance dose is specific to each individual patient's needs and is adjusted based on factors such as age, weight, renal function, and the presence of other medical conditions. The dosage prescribed should be carefully determined by a healthcare provider to ensure optimal therapeutic effects and minimize the risk of side effects associated with digoxin. Dosages higher than 0.25 mg are usually not recommended due to the narrow therapeutic index of digoxin. It is essential for patients taking digoxin to have their drug levels monitored regularly to prevent toxicity.

An adolescent girl tells the nurse that she is very suicidal. The nurse asks her whether she has a specific plan. Asking this should be considered:

  • A. an appropriate part of the assessment.
  • B. not a critical part of the assessment.
  • C. suggesting that the adolescent needs a plan.
  • D. encouraging the adolescent to devise a plan.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Asking an adolescent girl who expresses suicidal thoughts whether she has a specific plan is an appropriate part of the assessment. This question helps the nurse determine the level of risk and urgency of the situation. Knowing whether there is a specific plan in place can guide the nurse in determining the appropriate intervention and level of care needed to ensure the safety and well-being of the adolescent. It is crucial to assess for the presence of a specific plan as it can indicate a higher risk of imminent harm.

the best prophylactic treatment to prevent further rheumatic fever attack:

  • A. prednisone
  • B. aspirin
  • C. penicillin
  • D. paracetamol
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The best prophylactic treatment to prevent further rheumatic fever attacks is penicillin. Penicillin is recommended for long-term secondary prophylaxis to prevent the recurrence of acute rheumatic fever and reduce the risk of rheumatic heart disease. It helps to eradicate streptococcal infections, which are the underlying cause of rheumatic fever. Prednisone, aspirin, and paracetamol are not used for primary or secondary prevention of rheumatic fever.

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