Pediatric Practice Exam HESI

Pediatric Practice Exam HESI Related

Review Pediatric Practice Exam HESI related questions and content

A 3-month-old infant has been hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). What is the priority intervention?

  • A. Administering an antiviral agent
  • B. Clustering care to conserve energy
  • C. Offering oral fluids to promote hydration
  • D. Providing an antitussive agent when necessary
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The priority intervention for a 3-month-old infant hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is to cluster care to conserve energy. Infants with RSV often have difficulty breathing and need to rest frequently. Clustering care involves grouping nursing interventions to allow for longer periods of rest between activities, which helps prevent exhaustion and conserve the infant's energy. Administering an antiviral agent is not the primary intervention for RSV, as it is a viral infection and antiviral agents are not typically used for RSV. Offering oral fluids is important for hydration but may not be the priority when the infant is struggling to breathe. Providing an antitussive agent should be done judiciously and under medical guidance, as suppressing the cough reflex can be detrimental in RSV cases where coughing helps clear airway secretions.

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Why might a healthcare provider question a health care provider's order for a tap water enema for a 6-month-old infant with suspected Hirschsprung disease?

  • A. The result could lead to loss of necessary nutrients.
  • B. It could cause a fluid and electrolyte imbalance.
  • C. It could increase the fear of intrusive procedures.
  • D. The result could cause shock from a sudden drop in temperature.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Tap water enemas can cause significant fluid and electrolyte imbalances, particularly in infants, making them unsafe for this age group. Choice A is incorrect because tap water enemas are unlikely to lead to loss of necessary nutrients. Choice C is incorrect as it does not directly relate to the physiological risk of tap water enemas. Choice D is incorrect as shock from a sudden drop in temperature is not a common concern with tap water enemas.

The nurse is teaching a parent group about the reasons for adhering to the immunization schedule. What complication of mumps is important for adolescents to avoid?

  • A. Sterility
  • B. Hypopituitarism
  • C. Decrease in libido
  • D. Decrease in androgens
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sterility. Mumps can lead to serious complications such as sterility, especially in adolescent males. Vaccination is essential to prevent this potential outcome. Hypopituitarism (Choice B) is not a typical complication of mumps. Choices C and D, decrease in libido and decrease in androgens, are not directly associated with mumps complications, particularly in the context of adolescents.

After eating, a child with a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) should be placed in what position as recommended by the nurse?

  • A. Supine
  • B. Prone
  • C. Semi-Fowler's
  • D. Trendelenburg
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Placing the child in a semi-Fowler's position after eating is beneficial for reducing symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux. This position helps prevent gastric contents from flowing back into the esophagus. The supine position (choice A) may worsen reflux symptoms by allowing gravity to assist in reflux, leading to discomfort and regurgitation. Prone position (choice B) is not recommended after eating as it may cause discomfort and increase the risk of aspiration due to pressure on the stomach. Trendelenburg position (choice D), with the head lower than the rest of the body, is not indicated for managing GERD after eating and may not provide the desired benefits in this context.

A parent of a 2-year-old child tells a nurse at the clinic, 'Whenever I go to the store, my child has a screaming tantrum, demanding a toy or candy on the shelves. How can I deal with this situation?' What is the nurse's best response?

  • A. "Attempt to distract the child by offering a toy."
  • B. "Say nothing and allow the tantrum to continue until it ends."
  • C. "Have a babysitter stay with the child at home until the child outgrows this behavior."
  • D. "Give the child the item while in the store, and when the child loses interest, return the item to the shelf."
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The best approach in dealing with a child's tantrum is to not give in to their demands. By allowing the tantrum to continue until it ends, the child learns that this behavior is not effective in getting what they want. Offering a distraction (Choice A) might temporarily calm the child but does not address the underlying issue of the tantrum. Leaving the child with a babysitter (Choice C) does not teach the child how to handle such situations. Giving in to the child's demands (Choice D) reinforces the tantrum behavior.

What behavior is essential for preventing in a child postoperatively after undergoing heart surgery to repair defects associated with tetralogy of Fallot?

  • A. Crying
  • B. Coughing
  • C. Straining at stool
  • D. Unnecessary movement
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Preventing straining at stool is crucial postoperatively after heart surgery for tetralogy of Fallot to avoid increasing intrathoracic pressure and placing stress on the surgical site. This can help prevent complications and promote faster healing. While crying, coughing, and unnecessary movement are common postoperative behaviors, they are not specifically linked to worsening outcomes in this context. Straining at stool is particularly emphasized due to its potential to impact the surgical site and overall recovery process.

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